A Morphometric Analysis of the Santolina chamaecyparissus Complex (Asteraceae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphometrics of the Two Cytotypes of S. villosa
2.2. Morphometrics of the Whole S. chamaecyparissus Complex
3. Discussion
4. Identification Key
5. Materials and Methods
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Character | p-Value | Cohen’s d Value |
---|---|---|
fs_len | 0.002 | 1.03 |
ss_len | 0.013 | 0.81 |
sq_if_len | 0.008 | 0.87 |
ssl_seg_dist | 0.018 | 0.76 |
fs_n_nodes | 0.013 | 0.81 |
ss_n_nodes | 0.002 | 1.1 |
ssl_hair | 0.024 | 0.73 |
fs_hair | 0.020 | 0.75 |
Ben | Cha | Cor | Dec | Eri | Etr | Int | Lig | Mag | Nea | Pin | Ved | Vil | Vir | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ben | 94.7 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cha | 0 | 90.0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cor | 0 | 0 | 99.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Dec | 0 | 0 | 15 | 81.8 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Eri | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Etr | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 98.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Int | 6.8 | 0 | 4.8 | 18.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 68.7 | 0 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lig | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 99.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mag | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 95.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
Nea | 0 | 0 | 6.7 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 92.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ved | 0 | 0 | 22.9 | 9 | 7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 59.9 | 0.4 | 0 |
Vil | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 98 | 0 |
Vir | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 69.5 |
Character | Ben | Cha | Cor | Dec | Eri | Etr | Int |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fs_len (cm) | 22.9 ± 9.2 | 16.7 ± 2.6 | 15.2 ± 5.1 | 12.5 ± 5.3 | 19.3 ± 5.5 | 26.9 ± 6 | 21.7 ± 6.3 |
br_ratio | 0 ± 0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 |
dist_cap_lf (cm) | 44.2 ± 26.7 | 41.9 ± 11.6 | 27.2 ± 16.5 | 16.5 ± 10.1 | 27.9 ± 15.3 | 22.1 ± 11.5 | 35 ± 12.1 |
ss_len (cm) | 11.8 ± 5.2 | 10.4 ± 2.8 | 8.9 ± 3.9 | 8.0 ± 3.1 | 15.6 ± 6.5 | 16.8 ± 5.5 | 16.5 ± 6.4 |
cap_diam (mm) | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 0.4 | 6.3 ± 1.3 | 6.8 ± 0.9 | 6.8 ± 1.1 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 6.8 ± 1.1 |
sq_ext_len (mm) | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.5 |
sq_ext_wid (mm) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
sq_int_len (mm) | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.4 |
sq_int_wid (mm) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
sq_if_len (mm) | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.4 |
sq_if_wid (mm) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
flower_len (mm) | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.4 |
fl_th_len (mm) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
ssl_len (mm) | 26.8 ± 9.9 | 23.0 ± 3.4 | 29.8 ± 9.5 | 16.5 ± 6.2 | 11.0 ± 2.9 | 42.8 ± 9.9 | 21.3 ± 5.9 |
ssl_pet_len (mm) | 5.7 ± 2.1 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 2.6 | 4.0 ± 2.3 |
ssl_seg_len (mm) | 4.2 ± 1.5 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 1.0 |
ssl_seg_wid (mm) | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
ssl_seg_dist (mm) | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
fsl_len (mm) | 21.6 ± 8.9 | 13.6 ± 2.2 | 20.8 ± 8.3 | 11.9 ± 4.1 | 11.0 ± 3.2 | 28.4 ± 5.4 | 18.9 ± 5.8 |
fsl_pet_len (mm) | 6.4 ± 3.3 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 2.4 |
fsl_seg_len (mm) | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.7 |
fsl_seg_wid (mm) | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
fsl_seg_dist (mm) | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
fs_n_br | 0 ± 0 | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 3.2 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 0.5 ± 1.2 |
fs_n_nodes | 21.0 ± 3.3 | 12.9 ± 2.5 | 15.6 ± 4.2 | 19.2 ± 5 | 24.5 ± 5.1 | 24.4 ± 2.8 | 22.0 ± 4.3 |
ss_n_nodes | 20.7 ± 4.7 | 16.0 ± 3.2 | 16.2 ± 4.0 | 17.2 ± 4.0 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 24.9 ± 4.8 | 23.0 ± 6.5 |
ssl_n_seg | 29.7 ± 8.8 | 45.6 ± 6.4 | 99.9 ± 32.2 | 61.4 ± 14.1 | 38.4 ± 9.6 | 95.8 ± 20.0 | 41.5 ± 8.9 |
fsl_n_seg | 19.4 ± 5.4 | 14.3 ± 3.5 | 69.6 ± 29.2 | 39.4 ± 9.3 | 34.7 ± 8.9 | 67.8 ± 12.4 | 31.8 ± 8.0 |
ssl_hair | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
fsl_hair | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
fs_hair | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
fsl_seg_ratio | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.6 |
ssl_seg_ratio | 8.6 ± 2.7 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 6.3 ± 1.7 | 5.8 ± 2.0 |
Character | Lig | Mag | Nea | Pin | Ved | Vil | Vir |
fs_len (cm) | 17.9 ± 4.6 | 10.4 ± 2.7 | 20.1 ± 3.4 | 23.3 ± 4.6 | 10.8 ± 3.5 | 16.1 ± 4.1 | 21.4 ± 4.2 |
br_ratio | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 |
dist_cap_lf (cm) | 16.0 ± 8.9 | 12.1 ± 6.2 | 27.1 ± 12.5 | 65.4 ± 26.0 | 21.1 ± 10.0 | 31.3 ± 14 | 61.2 ± 24.5 |
ss_len (cm) | 10.6 ± 4.1 | 7.9 ± 2.7 | 8.7 ± 3.4 | 6.4 ± 3.9 | 6.2 ± 3.3 | 8.9 ± 3.6 | 9.0 ± 3.8 |
cap_diam (mm) | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 0.8 | 6.8 ± 1.1 |
sq_ext_len (mm) | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.7 |
sq_ext_wid (mm) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
sq_int_len (mm) | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.1 |
sq_int_wid (mm) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
sq_if_len (mm) | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.1 |
sq_if_wid (mm) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 |
flower_len (mm) | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.7 |
fl_th_len (mm) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
ssl_len (mm) | 34.0 ± 9.2 | 10 ± 2.6 | 43.8 ± 6.3 | 41.9 ± 8.7 | 20.4 ± 7.4 | 11.8 ± 2.5 | 14.6 ± 2.2 |
ssl_pet_len (mm) | 7.6 ± 2.2 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 6.7 ± 2.4 | 6.3 ± 2.5 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.4 |
ssl_seg_len (mm) | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 |
ssl_seg_wid (mm) | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
ssl_seg_dist (mm) | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
fsl_len (mm) | 22.3 ± 5.8 | 8.3 ± 1.7 | 29.1 ± 5.7 | 30.5 ± 5.4 | 16.6 ± 8.2 | 12.1 ± 2.2 | 13.2 ± 0.8 |
fsl_pet_len (mm) | 5.6 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 2.4 | 5.1 ± 2.1 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.9 |
fsl_seg_len (mm) | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
fsl_seg_wid (mm) | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
fsl_seg_dist (mm) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
fs_n_br | 4.2 ± 3.5 | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 2.8 ± 2.1 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 1 | 2 ± 2.4 |
fs_n_nodes | 20.2 ± 3.4 | 18.8 ± 3.6 | 16.7 ± 2.8 | 18.8 ± 3.6 | 16.8 ± 4.5 | 17.2 ± 2 | 25.2 ± 1.5 |
ss_n_nodes | 20.0 ± 3.9 | 18.6 ± 3.8 | 17.1 ± 4.1 | 20 ± 6 | 17.8 ± 7.0 | 15.2 ± 2.9 | 19.2 ± 4.6 |
ssl_n_seg | 53.5 ± 10.8 | 45.6 ± 11.8 | 83.2 ± 16.1 | 52.3 ± 13.5 | 73.6 ± 17.4 | 48.3 ± 11.2 | 33.5 ± 10.9 |
fsl_n_seg | 33 ± 8.9 | 40.3 ± 12.3 | 60.2 ± 13.5 | 34.5 ± 9.0 | 59.8 ± 20.0 | 48.3 ± 9.4 | 38.5 ± 9.6 |
ssl_hair | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0 |
fsl_hair | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0 |
fs_hair | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 |
fsl_seg_ratio | 5.9 ± 2.2 | 2 ± 0.6 | 6.7 ± 1.7 | 9.3 ± 2.2 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 |
ssl_seg_ratio | 7.6 ± 2.2 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 8.9 ± 3.3 | 9.7 ± 2.2 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 1.3 |
1a | Leaves of the non-flowering stems green, glabrous or scarcely pubescent (white-tomentose, at most, only on the central axis) | 2 |
1b | Leaves of the non-flowering stems grey or white-tomentose, both on the central axis and on the leaf segments | 6 |
2a | Leaves of the non-flowering stems with segments >2 mm long | 3 |
2b | Leaves of the non-flowering stems with segments <2 mm long | 4 |
3a | Segments with acute apex. Flowers white | S. pinnata Viv. |
3b | Segments with rounded apex. Flowers yellow | S. benthamiana Jord. & Fourr. |
4a | Segments with acute apex | S. virens Mill. (rarely used as ornamental) |
4b | Segments with rounded apex | 5 |
5a | Leaves of the non-flowering stems 15–30 mm long, with 50–100 segments 0.5–1 mm long | S. vedranensis (O.Bolòs & Vigo) L.Sáez, M.Serrano, S.Ortiz & R.Carbajal |
5b | Leaves of the non-flowering stems 5–20 mm long, with 20–60 segments 0.5–2 mm long | S. ericoides Poir. |
6a | Involucre 3–5 mm wide and leaf segments of the non-flowering stems 2–6 mm long. Flowers white | S. ligustica Arrigoni |
6b | Involucre 5–8(–10) mm wide, or involucre 3–5 mm wide coupled with leaf segments <2 mm long. Flowers yellow | 7 |
7a | Leaves of the non-flowering stems >25 mm long and with more than 65 segments, 0.4–2 mm spaced-out | 8 |
7b | Characters never in combination as above | 10 |
8a | Leaf segments of the flowering stems 0.5–1.5(–2) mm long. Leaf segments of the non-flowering stems 0.5–2 mm long. Floral teeth <1 mm long | S. corsica Jord. & Fourr. |
8b | Leaf segments of the flowering stems 1.5–4 mm long. Leaf segments of the non-flowering stems 1.5–5(–8) mm long. Floral teeth often >1 mm long | 9 |
9a | Flowering stems branched in the upper portion, the highest branch often at more than 3/4 of the stem. Non-flowering stems 10–30 cm long. Leaves of the flowering stems with segments 1.5–2.5 mm long. Flowers pale yellow | S. etrusca (Lacaita) Marchi & D’Amato |
9b | Flowering stems branched or not branched. If branched, the highest branch never at more than 3/4 of the stem. Non-flowering stems mostly shorter than 10 cm. Leaves of the flowering stems with segments 1.5–4 mm long. Flowers yellow | S. neapolitana Jord. & Fourr. |
10a | Leaf segments with a small acute apex (see through a magnifying glass) (Figure 4) | S. villosa Mill. |
10b | Leaf segments rounded at apex | 11 |
11a | Leaves of the non-flowering stems <18 mm long and capitula not totally covered by the flowers in lateral view | S. magonica (O.Bolòs, Molin. & P.Monts.) Romo |
11b | Leaves of the non-flowering stems >18 mm long, or leaves of the non-flowering stems <18 mm coupled with capitula covered by the flowers in lateral view | 12 |
12a | Leaf segments of the flowering stem >2.5 times longer than wide and leaves with ≤65 segments | 13 |
12b | Leaf segments of the flowering stem <2.5 times longer than wide, or >2.5 but number of segments >65 | 14 |
13a | Leaves of the non-flowering stems with 25–65, 0.8–2 mm spaced-out segments. Segments of the flowering stem leaves 1.5–3 mm long, 0.5–1.5 mm spaced-out | S. intricata Jord. & Fourr. |
13b | Leaves of the non-flowering stems with 50–80, <1 mm spaced-out, appressed segments. Segments of the flowering stem leaves 0.5–2 mm long, 0–1.0 mm spaced-out | S. decumbens subsp. diversifolia (Jord. & Fourr.) Giacò & Peruzzi |
14a | Leaves of the non-flowering stems >20 mm long | 15 |
14b | Leaves of the non-flowering stems <20 mm long | 16 |
15a | Flowering stems white, tomentose as (or almost as) the non-flowering stems | S. decumbens Mill. subsp. decumbens |
15b | Flowering stems green, clearly less tomentose than the non-flowering stems | S. decumbens subsp. tisoniana Giacò & Peruzzi |
16a | Tubular portion of the flowers usually <4 mm long. Leaves of the flowering stems with 20–150 segments, 10–45 mm long. Pollen vital | S. corsica Jord. & Fourr. |
16b | Tubular portion of the flowers usually >4 mm long. Leaves of the flowering stems with 10–20(–40) segments, 10–20 mm long. Pollen aborted. | S. chamaecyparissus L. (widely used as ornamental) |
Species | N | Population | Vouchers |
---|---|---|---|
S. benthamiana | 20 | France, Occitanie, Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste [WGS84: 42.407222 N, 2.523055 E] | A. Giacò, L. Peruzzi, 29 June 2020, PI 043080–043098, [25] |
S. chamaecyparissus | 9 | France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Le Luc [WGS84: 43.354166 N, 6.412222 E] | A. Giacò, L. Peruzzi, 30 June 2020, PI 034970–034974, [23] |
S. corsica | 20 | France, Corsica, Mont Pigno [WGS84: 42.7066667 N, 9.407777 E] | A. Giacò, L. Peruzzi, 7 July 2020, PI 036636–036647, [23] |
S. corsica | 20 | Italy, Sardinia, Monte Albo [WGS84: 40.537853 N, 9.615131 E] | G. Calvia et al., 19 June 2020, PI 036122–036136, [23] |
S. corsica | 20 | Italy, Sardinia, Buggerru [WGS84: 39.393611 N, 8.391666 E] | G. Bacchetta et al., 14 June 2020, PI 036613–036625, [23] |
S. corsica | 20 | Italy, Sardinia, San Benedetto (Iglesias) [WGS84: 39.360311 N, 8.558333 E] | G. Bacchetta et al., 14 June 2020, PI 036068–036085, [23] |
S. corsica | 20 | Italy, Sardinia, Laconi [WGS84: 39.847483 N, 9.071944 E] | G. Bacchetta et al., 15 June 2020, PI 036052–036067, [23] |
S. corsica | 20 | Italy, Sardinia, Monte Spada [WGS84: 40.058586 N, 9.293333 E] | G. Bacchetta et al., 14 June 2020, PI 036106–036121, [23] |
S. corsica | 20 | Italy, Sardinia, Monte Corrasi [WGS84: 40.256878 N, 9.426253 E] | G. Bacchetta et al., 14 June 2020, PI 036648–036663, [23] |
S. decumbens (subsp. decumbens) | 20 | France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Mont Caume [WGS84: 43.184768 N, 5.908187 E] | A. Giacò, L. Peruzzi, 27 June 2020, PI 043107–043118, [25] |
S. decumbens (subsp. diversifolia) | 20 | France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Sisteron [WGS84: 44.153341 N, 5.953744 E] | A. Giacò, L. Peruzzi, 11 July 2021, PI 053348–053364, [25] |
S. decumbens (subsp. tisoniana) | 20 | France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, La Fare-les-Oliviers [WGS84: 43.539610 N, 5.172029] | A. Giacò, L. Peruzzi, 28 June 2020, PI 043099–043106, [25] |
S. ericoides | 20 | France, Occitanie, Béziers [WGS84: 43.28959 N 3.18539 E] | A. Giacò, L. Peruzzi, 28 June 2020, PI 036086–036100, [25] |
S. ericoides | 20 | Spain, Barcelona province, Sant Feliu de Codines [WGS84: 41.692294 N, 2.174761 E] | L. Sáez, 7 July 2020, PI 043077, PI 057135–057154, [25] |
S. ericoides | 20 | Spain, Lleida province, Torà [WGS84: 41.814325 N, 1.404588 E] | L. Sáez, 13 July 2020, PI 043076, PI 057115–057134, [25] |
S. etrusca | 20 | Italy, Tuscany, Radicofani [WGS84: 42.954283 N, 11.778340 E] | G. Astuti, P. De Giorgi, 14 July 2020, PI 040480–040501, [24] |
S. etrusca | 20 | Italy, Lazio, Bassano in Teverina [WGS84: 42.487438 N, 12.327856 E] | G. Astuti, P. De Giorgi, 14 July 2020, PI 040468–040479, [24] |
S. intricata | 20 | France, Occitanie, Montalba-le-Château, Le Roumenga [WGS84: 42.699054 N, 2.552235 E] | A. Giacò, L. Peruzzi, 28 June 2020, PI 043079, PI 057098–057114, [25] |
S. ligustica | 20 | Italy, La Spezia, Levanto [WGS84: 44.230000 N, 9.589120 E] | G. Astuti, S. Chiletti, 22 July 2019, PI 030947–030971, [24] |
S. magonica | 20 | Spain, Balearic Islands, Menorca, Cala Tirant [WGS84: 40.045132 N, 4.102162 E] | P. Fraga, 9 July 2020, PI 043078, PI 056632–056651 |
S. magonica | 20 | Spain, Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Cala Mesquida [WGS84: 39.7458333 N, 3.4319444 E] | E. Guasp, 28 June 2020, PI 043119–043127 |
S. neapolitana | 20 | Italy, Campania, Castellammare di Stabia [WGS84: 40.658447 N, 14.498790 E] | P. Caputo, D. De Luca, 7 August 2020, PI 040502–040521, [24] |
S. pinnata | 20 | Italy, Tuscany, Apuan Alps, Forno [WGS84: 44.084178 N, 10.183817 E] | G. Astuti, P. De Giorgi, 9 July 2020, PI 040442–040461, [24] |
S. vedranensis | 13 | Spain, Balearic Islands, Es Vedrà [WGS84: 38.867298 N, 1.196176 E] | J. Serapio, 20 July 2020, PI 043075–057906 |
S. villosa (4x) | 20 | Spain, Madrid, Arganda del Rey [WGS84: 40.332155 N, 3.435883 W] | M. Serrano, 10 August 2021, PI 053328–053347 |
S. villosa (6x) | 20 | Spain, Granada, Gor [WGS84: 37.403440 N, 3.009413 W] | R. Carballal, 10 July 2021, PI 056652–056672 |
S. virens | 4 | Spain, Burgos, Fuentenebro [WGS84: 41.516782 N, 3.756607 W] | M. Serrano, 16 June 2021, PI 049949–049952 |
Code | Description of the Character | Type | Tool |
---|---|---|---|
Vegetative Parts | |||
fs_len | Length of the flowering stem (cm) | QC | Ruler |
br_ratio | Ratio between the highest ramification of the flowering stem and fs_len | QC | Ruler |
dist_cap_lf | Distance between the highest leaf on the stem and the floral head (mm) | QC | Caliper |
fs_n_br | Number of branches of the flowering stem | QD | |
br_type | Type of branch (no branch/parallel/or erect-patent) | CN | |
fs_n_nodes | Number of nodes of the flowering stem | QD | |
ss_len | Length of the non-flowering stem (cm) | QC | Ruler |
ss_n_nodes | Number of nodes of the non-flowering stem | QD | |
ss_hair | Tomentosity of the non-flowering stem (hairless/slightly pubescent/pubescent/hairy/densely hairy) | CO | ImageJ |
fs_hair | Degree of tomentosity of the flowering stem (%) | QC | ImageJ |
fsl_n_seg | Number of segments on the flowering stem leaf (the longest) | QD | |
ssl_n_seg | Number of segments on the non-flowering stem leaf (the longest) | QD | |
ssl_len | Length of the non-flowering stem leaf (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
ssl_pet_len | Length of the petiole of the non-flowering stem leaf (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
ssl_seg_len | Length of the segment of the non-flowering stem leaf (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
ssl_seg_dist | Distance between the segments of the non-flowering stem leaf (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
ssl_seg_type | Segment of the non-flowering stem pointed at apex (Yes/No) | CB | |
fsl_len | Length of the flowering stem leaf (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
fsl_pet_len | Length of the petiole of the flowering stem leaf (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
fsl_seg_len | Length of the segment of the flowering stem leaf (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
fsl_seg_dist | Distance between the segments of the flowering stem leaf (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
fsl_seg_type | Segment of the flowering stem pointed at apex (Yes/No) | CB | |
ssl_hair | Degree of tomentosity of the non-flowering stem leaf segment (%) | QC | ImageJ |
fsl_hair | Degree of tomentosity of the flowering stem leaf segment (%) | QC | ImageJ |
fsl_seg_ratio | Ratio between the length and the width of the segment of the flowering stem leaf | ||
ssl_seg_ratio | Ratio between the length and the width of the segment of the non-flowering stem leaf | ||
Floral Head | |||
cap_diam | Diameter of the floral head involucre (mm) | QC | Caliper |
fl_col | Colour of the flowers (white/pale yellow/yellow) | CO | |
fl_type | Flowers totally covering the involucre (Yes/No) | CB | |
flower_len | Length of the floral tube (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
fl_th_len | Length of the floral tooth (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
sq_ext_len | Length of the external involucral bract (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
sq_ext_wid | Width of the external involucral bract (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
sq_int_len | Length of the internal involucral bract (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
sq_int_wid | Width of the internal involucral bract (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
sq_if_len | Length of the inter-floral bract (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
sq_if_wid | Width of the inter-floral bract (mm) | QC | ImageJ |
sq_if_n_hair | Tomentosity of the inter-floral bract (hairless/slightly pubescent/pubescent/hairy/densely hairy) | CO | ImageJ |
sq_ext_hair | Tomentosity of the external involucral bract (hairless/only on the margin/everywhere) | CO | ImageJ |
sq_int_hair | Tomentosity of the internal involucral bract (hairless/only on the margin/everywhere) | CO | ImageJ |
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Giacò, A.; De Giorgi, P.; Astuti, G.; Caputo, P.; Serrano, M.; Carballal, R.; Sáez, L.; Bacchetta, G.; Peruzzi, L. A Morphometric Analysis of the Santolina chamaecyparissus Complex (Asteraceae). Plants 2022, 11, 3458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243458
Giacò A, De Giorgi P, Astuti G, Caputo P, Serrano M, Carballal R, Sáez L, Bacchetta G, Peruzzi L. A Morphometric Analysis of the Santolina chamaecyparissus Complex (Asteraceae). Plants. 2022; 11(24):3458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243458
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiacò, Antonio, Paola De Giorgi, Giovanni Astuti, Paolo Caputo, Miguel Serrano, Rodrigo Carballal, Llorenç Sáez, Gianluigi Bacchetta, and Lorenzo Peruzzi. 2022. "A Morphometric Analysis of the Santolina chamaecyparissus Complex (Asteraceae)" Plants 11, no. 24: 3458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243458
APA StyleGiacò, A., De Giorgi, P., Astuti, G., Caputo, P., Serrano, M., Carballal, R., Sáez, L., Bacchetta, G., & Peruzzi, L. (2022). A Morphometric Analysis of the Santolina chamaecyparissus Complex (Asteraceae). Plants, 11(24), 3458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243458