Microstructure of Croatian Wild Grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris Gmel Hegi) Pollen Grains Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Pollen Microstructure
2.2. Groupings of Individuals Based on Pollen Characteristics
2.3. Flower Determination with APT3 Marker
3. Discussion
3.1. Pollen Dimorphism
3.2. Pollen Apertures
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sampling Locations and Plant Material
4.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Pollen
4.3. DNA Extraction and Marker Analysis
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Population | Genotype | Flower Phenotype | APT3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paklenica | Pak10 | F | 266 | 266 | |
Paklenica | Pak12 | F | 266 | 266 | |
Paklenica | Pak11 | M | 266 | 397 | 466 |
Paklenica | Pak13 | M | 266 | 466 | |
Paklenica | Pak19 | M | 266 | 397 | 466 |
Paklenica | Pak21 | M | 266 | 397 | 466 |
Paklenica | Pak32 | M | 266 | 397 | 466 |
Imotski | Im11 | M | 266 | 397 | 466 |
Imotski | Im18 | M | 266 | 397 | 466 |
Imotski | Im19 | M | 266 | 397 | 466 |
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Genotype | Pollen Dimensions and Shape | Exine Perforations | Colpi Dimensions (Male Individuals) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P (µm) | E (µm) | P/E | Shape | No. of Perforations /25 µm2 | Perforation Length (nm) | Perforation Width (nm) | Colpus Length (µm) | Colpus Width (µm) | Mesocolpium Width (µm) | |
Pak10 | 25.28 ± 1.1 c | 22.53 ± 1.13 b | 1.12 ± 0.01 d | spheroidal | 32 ± 1 ab | 486.91 ± 25.17 ab | 295.61 ± 22.85 a | |||
Pak12 | 25 ± 2.14 c | 21.67 ± 1.26 b | 1.15 ± 0.05 d | subprolate | 47.67 ± 4.51 de | 412.98 ± 16.52 abc | 258.32 ± 9.9 ab | |||
Pak11 | 27.84 ± 0.33 a | 15.59 ± 0.41 a | 1.78 ± 0.07 a | prolate | 33 ± 6 ab | 506.38 ± 70.14 b | 317.61 ± 62.54 a | 23.22 ± 0.67 a | 0.8 ± 0.05 a | 10.9 ± 0.24 a |
Pak13 | 28.23 ± 0.18 a | 15.35 ± 0.03 a | 1.84 ± 0.01 abc | prolate | 44.67 ± 0.58 cde | 483.68 ± 44.98 ab | 291.66 ± 12.81 a | 24.26 ± 0.18 abc | 0.72 ± 0.03 a | 10.23 ± 0.25 ab |
Pak19 | 29.41 ± 0.42 ab | 15.97 ± 0.25 a | 1.84 ± 0.05 abc | prolate | 50.67 ± 2.52 e | 445.03 ± 21.02 ab | 283.52 ± 15.83 ab | 25.07 ± 0.41 cd | 0.73 ± 0.16 a | 10.55 ± 0.12 ab |
Pak21 | 29.22 ± 0.11 ab | 15.17 ± 0.34 a | 1.93 ± 0.03 c | prolate | 35.33 ± 2.52 ab | 416.84 ± 21.29 abc | 268.15 ± 17.21 ab | 25.31 ± 0.16 cd | 0.79 ± 0.03 a | 10.3 ± 0.17 ab |
Pak32 | 28.9 ± 0.2 ab | 15.95 ± 0.33 a | 1.81 ± 0.05 abc | prolate | 29.67 ± 3.06 a | 406.48 ± 28.73 ac | 265.92 ± 31.29 ab | 24.36 ± 0.34 bc | 0.8 ± 0.05 a | 10.91 ± 0.41 a |
Im11 | 27.88 ± 0.22 a | 15.57 ± 0.27 a | 1.79 ± 0.04 ab | prolate | 39.67 ± 3.06 bcd | 330.14 ± 19.34 c | 206.54 ± 8.99 b | 23.81 ± 0.09 ab | 0.67 ± 0.02 a | 10.46 ± 0.43 ab |
Im18 | 28.49 ± 0.38 ab | 15.26 ± 0.26 a | 1.87 ± 0.05 abc | prolate | 36 ± 1 abc | 489.62 ± 24.18 ab | 328.86 ± 27.18 a | 23.73 ± 0.51 ab | 0.87 ± 0.08 a | 9.91 ± 0.09 b |
Im19 | 30.59 ± 0.23 b | 16.06 ± 0.12 a | 1.9 ± 0.01 bc | prolate | 36.33 ± 3.51 abc | 422.88 ± 5.56 abc | 295.09 ± 16.1 a | 25.92 ± 0.26 d | 0.71 ± 0.09 a | 10.59 ± 0.4 ab |
Population | Genotype | GPS Coordinates | Flower Phenotype |
---|---|---|---|
Paklenica | Pak10 | 44°18′ 028″ N 15°28′ 209″ E | F |
Paklenica | Pak12 | 44°18′ 260″ N 15°28′ 318″ E | F |
Paklenica | Pak11 | 44°18′ 042″ N 15°28′ 218″ E | M |
Paklenica | Pak13 | 44°18′ 348″ N 15°28′ 452″ E | M |
Paklenica | Pak19 | 44°18′ 351″ N 15°28′ 635″ E | M |
Paklenica | Pak21 | 44°18′ 465″ N 15°28′ 705″ E | M |
Paklenica | Pak32 | 44°17′ 919″ N 15°27′ 868″ E | M |
Imotski | Im11 | 43°26′ 969″ N 17°12′ 524″ E | M |
Imotski | Im18 | 43°26′ 994″ N 17°12′ 514″ E | M |
Imotski | Im19 | 43°26′ 997″ N 17°12′ 526″ E | M |
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Lukšić, K.; Zdunić, G.; Mucalo, A.; Marinov, L.; Ranković-Vasić, Z.; Ivanović, J.; Nikolić, D. Microstructure of Croatian Wild Grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris Gmel Hegi) Pollen Grains Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Plants 2022, 11, 1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111479
Lukšić K, Zdunić G, Mucalo A, Marinov L, Ranković-Vasić Z, Ivanović J, Nikolić D. Microstructure of Croatian Wild Grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris Gmel Hegi) Pollen Grains Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Plants. 2022; 11(11):1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111479
Chicago/Turabian StyleLukšić, Katarina, Goran Zdunić, Ana Mucalo, Luka Marinov, Zorica Ranković-Vasić, Jelena Ivanović, and Dragan Nikolić. 2022. "Microstructure of Croatian Wild Grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris Gmel Hegi) Pollen Grains Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy" Plants 11, no. 11: 1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111479