Impacts of Chronic Habitat Fragmentation on Genetic Diversity of Natural Populations of Prunus persica in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characteristics of 23 nSSR Loci
2.2. Genetic Diversity
2.3. Population Structure
2.4. Mutation–Drift Equilibrium
2.5. Historical Gene Flow vs. Contemporary Gene Flow
3. Discussion
3.1. Genetic Diversity of Wild Populations
3.2. Genetic Structure
3.3. Implication for Genetic Conservation
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Microsatellite Genotyping
4.3. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population Code | Population Locality | Altitude (m) | Latitude (N) | Longitude (E) | N | A | HO | HE | FIS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MA | Xiaogan, Hubei Province | 250–500 | 31°10′ | 114°03′ | 23 | 4.0 | 0.240 | 0.590 | 0.593 ** |
MK | Suizhou, Hubei Province | 800–1025 | 31°54′ | 113°13′ | 23 | 3.5 | 0.219 | 0.502 | 0.564 ** |
MJ | Nanyang, Henan Province | 450–600 | 33°25′ | 111°56′ | 23 | 3.8 | 0.325 | 0.544 | 0.402 * |
MM | Xingyang, Henan Province | 400–600 | 32°27′ | 113°23′ | 23 | 4.0 | 0.285 | 0.569 | 0.498 ** |
MD | Shaoyang, Hunan Province | 450–650 | 26°18′ | 110°06′ | 23 | 2.5 | 0.115 | 0.372 | 0.690 ** |
MN | Sangzhi, Hunan Province | 530–620 | 29°46′ | 109°54′ | 23 | 2.6 | 0.144 | 0.386 | 0.628 ** |
ME | Mianning, Sichuan Province | 1910 | 28°13′ | 102°01′ | 23 | 3.0 | 0.142 | 0.409 | 0.653 ** |
MG | Qingzhou, Shandong Province | 1032 | 36°11′ | 118°38′ | 23 | 2.0 | 0.083 | 0.140 | 0.407 * |
MH | Mengyin, Shandong Province | 450 | 35°36′ | 117°54′ | 23 | 3.2 | 0.217 | 0.438 | 0.504 ** |
MB | Anqing, Anhui Province | 400–650 | 30°48′ | 116°30′ | 23 | 4.3 | 0.229 | 0.568 | 0.597 ** |
ML | Shangyou, Jiangxi Province | 600–650 | 25°55′ | 114°02′ | 23 | 3.7 | 0.240 | 0.523 | 0.541 ** |
MF | Qianshan, Jiangxi Province | 587 | 27°57′ | 117°42′ | 23 | 3.7 | 0.166 | 0.510 | 0.674 ** |
MO | Nanchuan, Chongqing City | 730–850 | 29°09′ | 107°09′ | 23 | 2.8 | 0.146 | 0.375 | 0.612 ** |
MC | Baoshan, Yunnan Province | 1200 | 25°24′ | 99°08′ | 23 | 2.8 | 0.091 | 0.387 | 0.765 ** |
MP | Weixi, Yunnan Province | 2100 | 27°06′ | 99°11′ | 23 | 2.6 | 0.113 | 0.381 | 0.703 ** |
MQ | Qiubei, Yunnan Province | 1580 | 24°15′ | 104°12′ | 23 | 2.3 | 0.206 | 0.376 | 0.452 ** |
Average | 23 | 3.2 | 0.185 | 0.442 |
Source of Variation | d.f. | Sum of Squares | Variance Components | Percentage of Variation | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Among populations | 15 | 1777.571 | 2.40156 Va | 32.1 | p < 0.001 |
Among individuals | 352 | 2827.565 | 2.95189 Vb | 39.45 | p < 0.001 |
Within individuals | 368 | 783.500 | 2.12908 Vc | 28.45 | p < 0.001 |
Total | 735 | 5838.636 | 7.48253 |
Population | Mutation–Drift Test | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
IAM | TPM | SMM | Mode Shift | |
MA | 0.001 ** | 0.038 * | 0.753 | L-shaped |
MB | 0.002 ** | 0.329 | 0.052 | L-shaped |
MC | 0.033 * | 0.368 | 0.674 | L-shaped |
MD | 0.002 ** | 0.064 | 0.701 | L-shaped |
ME | 0.048 * | 0.388 | 0.841 | L-shaped |
MF | 0.018 * | 0.410 | 0.463 | L-shaped |
MG | 0.039 * | 0.016 * | 0.006 * | L-shaped |
MH | 0.026 * | 0.257 | 0.609 | L-shaped |
MJ | 0.001 ** | 0.016 * | 0.975 | L-shaped |
MK | 0.006 ** | 0.151 | 0.890 | L-shaped |
ML | 0.004 ** | 0.079 | 1.000 | L-shaped |
MM | 0.000 ** | 0.005 ** | 0.974 | L-shaped |
MN | 0.024 * | 0.216 | 0.812 | L-shaped |
MO | 0.076 | 0.701 | 0.349 | L-shaped |
MP | 0.005 ** | 0.143 | 0.956 | L-shaped |
MQ | 0.000 ** | 0.002 ** | 0.087 | L-shaped |
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Jiang, Q.; Xu, Q.; Pan, J.; Yao, X.; Cheng, Z. Impacts of Chronic Habitat Fragmentation on Genetic Diversity of Natural Populations of Prunus persica in China. Plants 2022, 11, 1458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111458
Jiang Q, Xu Q, Pan J, Yao X, Cheng Z. Impacts of Chronic Habitat Fragmentation on Genetic Diversity of Natural Populations of Prunus persica in China. Plants. 2022; 11(11):1458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111458
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Quan, Qiang Xu, Junfeng Pan, Xiaohong Yao, and Zhongping Cheng. 2022. "Impacts of Chronic Habitat Fragmentation on Genetic Diversity of Natural Populations of Prunus persica in China" Plants 11, no. 11: 1458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111458