Long-Term Impact of Phosphorous Fertilization on Yield and Alternate Bearing in Intensive Irrigated Olive Cultivation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Soil P Content
2.2. Leaf and Fruit Macronutrient Content
2.3. Vegetative Growth
2.4. Flowering and Fruit Set
2.5. Yields
2.6. Alternate Bearing
3. Discussion
3.1. Soil P Content
3.2. Leaf P Content and Thresholds
3.3. Vegetative and Reproductive Growth
3.4. Yields
3.5. Alternate Bearing
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Site
4.2. Experimental Design
4.3. Measurements
4.3.1. Soil Analysis
4.3.2. Leaf and Fruit Macronutrient Content
4.3.3. Vegetative Growth
4.3.4. Flowering and Fruit Set
4.3.5. Yields
4.4. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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P Fertilization | Trunk Circumference Increase | Pruning Weight | Flowering Intensity | Inflorescences Initiation a |
---|---|---|---|---|
2011–2017 | 2012–2015 | 2014–2017 | 2014–2015 | |
(kg ha−1 season−1) | (%) | (kg tree−1 season−1) | (index) | (%) |
0 | 69.5 ± 3.0 a | 31.1 ± 1.9 a | 3.05 ± 0.07 b | 36.3 ± 2.4 b |
35 b | 74.3 ± 2.8 a | 34.0 ± 2.5 a | 3.34 ± 0.11 a | 44.5 ± 3.2 a |
P Fertilization | Flowers in an Inflorescence | Perfect Flowers | Pistil Weight | Fruit Set |
---|---|---|---|---|
(kg ha−1 season−1) | (No.) | (%) | (mg) | (%) |
0 | 16.1 ± 0.3 a | 46.9 ± 3.6 b | 0.72 ± 0.02 a | 4.5 ± 0.4 b |
35 a | 16.2 ± 0.5 a | 56.5 ± 3.3 a | 0.79 ± 0.04 a | 6.7 ± 0.6 a |
P Fertilization | Single Fruit Weight | Oil Content | Fruit per Tree | Fruit Yield | Oil Yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013–2016 | 2013–2016 | 2013–2016 | 2013–2016 | 2013–2016 | |
(kg ha−1 season−1) | (g) | (%) | (No. tree−1 season−1) | (kg tree−1 season−1) | (kg tree−1 season−1) |
0 | 2.66 ± 0.11 a | 19.2 ± 0.5 a | 14,153 ± 825 b | 27.2 ± 1.1 b | 4.6 ± 0.2 b |
35 a | 2.42 ± 0.09 a | 19.6 ± 0.6 a | 19,813 ± 1141 a | 34.0 ± 1.6 a | 5.6 ± 0.4 a |
P Fertilization | On-Year Fruit Yield a | Flowering Intensity Following an On-Year b | Alternate Bearing Intensity c |
---|---|---|---|
(kg ha−1 season−1) | (kg tree−1) | (index) | (index) |
0 | 44.3 ± 2.0 a | 1.6 ± 0.30 b | 0.78 ± 0.07 a |
35 | 41.8 ± 2.1 a | 3.0 ± 0.25 a | 0.59 ± 0.09 b |
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Haberman, A.; Dag, A.; Erel, R.; Zipori, I.; Shtern, N.; Ben-Gal, A.; Yermiyahu, U. Long-Term Impact of Phosphorous Fertilization on Yield and Alternate Bearing in Intensive Irrigated Olive Cultivation. Plants 2021, 10, 1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091821
Haberman A, Dag A, Erel R, Zipori I, Shtern N, Ben-Gal A, Yermiyahu U. Long-Term Impact of Phosphorous Fertilization on Yield and Alternate Bearing in Intensive Irrigated Olive Cultivation. Plants. 2021; 10(9):1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091821
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaberman, Amnon, Arnon Dag, Ran Erel, Isaac Zipori, Nerya Shtern, Alon Ben-Gal, and Uri Yermiyahu. 2021. "Long-Term Impact of Phosphorous Fertilization on Yield and Alternate Bearing in Intensive Irrigated Olive Cultivation" Plants 10, no. 9: 1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091821