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Article

Towards a Trait-Based Approach to Potentiate Yield under Drought in Legume-Rich Annual Forage Mixtures

by
Susana T. Leitão
1,*,
Mara Lisa Alves
1,
Priscila Pereira
1,
Aziza Zerrouk
1,
Bruno Godinho
2,
Ana Barradas
2 and
Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
1
1
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
2
Fertiprado, Herdade dos Esquerdos, 7450-250 Vaiamonte, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2021, 10(9), 1763; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091763
Submission received: 31 July 2021 / Revised: 14 August 2021 / Accepted: 20 August 2021 / Published: 25 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Resilient Crop Species to Understand the Genetic Basis of Stress Adaptation)
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Abstract

Mediterranean annual forage mixtures are facing the impact of climate change, especially higher frequencies of winter-time drought. Increased mixture plasticity to climate variability is needed to mitigate this impact. However, little information exists regarding the specificities and complementarities of each forage species component to potentiate mixture resilience under drought. In this study, we identified traits with breeding potential under water scarcity through a detailed characterization of leaf and root-related parameters of 10 legume and grass species components of Mediterranean annual forage mixtures, complemented by their photosynthetic response evaluation under well-watered and water deficit conditions. This integrated approach also allowed us to identify the most resilient species to water deficit. In particular, we found that the highest canopy height and root to shoot ratio of grass components complemented well the highest aerial and root biomass and superior photosynthetic performance of the legume components. Trifolium squarrosum and Triticosecale showed the most adequate combination of traits and the best photosynthetic performance under water deficit within each species family. Although some of these traits are not commonly used in annual forage selection, they may in part explain the potential higher resilience of the grass–legume mixture under water deficit and should be considered in forage breeding.
Keywords: grass–legume mixtures; climate change; resilient annual forage species; above and below-ground phenotyping; photosynthesis grass–legume mixtures; climate change; resilient annual forage species; above and below-ground phenotyping; photosynthesis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Leitão, S.T.; Alves, M.L.; Pereira, P.; Zerrouk, A.; Godinho, B.; Barradas, A.; Vaz Patto, M.C. Towards a Trait-Based Approach to Potentiate Yield under Drought in Legume-Rich Annual Forage Mixtures. Plants 2021, 10, 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091763

AMA Style

Leitão ST, Alves ML, Pereira P, Zerrouk A, Godinho B, Barradas A, Vaz Patto MC. Towards a Trait-Based Approach to Potentiate Yield under Drought in Legume-Rich Annual Forage Mixtures. Plants. 2021; 10(9):1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091763

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leitão, Susana T., Mara Lisa Alves, Priscila Pereira, Aziza Zerrouk, Bruno Godinho, Ana Barradas, and Maria Carlota Vaz Patto. 2021. "Towards a Trait-Based Approach to Potentiate Yield under Drought in Legume-Rich Annual Forage Mixtures" Plants 10, no. 9: 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091763

APA Style

Leitão, S. T., Alves, M. L., Pereira, P., Zerrouk, A., Godinho, B., Barradas, A., & Vaz Patto, M. C. (2021). Towards a Trait-Based Approach to Potentiate Yield under Drought in Legume-Rich Annual Forage Mixtures. Plants, 10(9), 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091763

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