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Review

Harnessing Bacterial Endophytes for Promotion of Plant Growth and Biotechnological Applications: An Overview

by
Ahmed M. Eid
1,
Amr Fouda
1,*,
Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman
1,
Salem S. Salem
1,
Albaraa Elsaied
1,
Ralf Oelmüller
2,
Mohamed Hijri
3,4,
Arnab Bhowmik
5,
Amr Elkelish
2,6 and
Saad El-Din Hassan
1,*
1
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
2
Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
3
Biodiversity Centre, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, Montréal, QC 22001, Canada
4
African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
5
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
6
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2021, 10(5), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050935
Submission received: 11 April 2021 / Revised: 29 April 2021 / Accepted: 3 May 2021 / Published: 7 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Communities in Stressed and Polluted Soils Related to Plant Phylogeny)
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Abstract

Endophytic bacteria colonize plants and live inside them for part of or throughout their life without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. The symbiotic relationship improves the physiology, fitness, and metabolite profile of the plants, while the plants provide food and shelter for the bacteria. The bacteria-induced alterations of the plants offer many possibilities for biotechnological, medicinal, and agricultural applications. The endophytes promote plant growth and fitness through the production of phytohormones or biofertilizers, or by alleviating abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Strengthening of the plant immune system and suppression of disease are associated with the production of novel antibiotics, secondary metabolites, siderophores, and fertilizers such as nitrogenous or other industrially interesting chemical compounds. Endophytic bacteria can be used for phytoremediation of environmental pollutants or the control of fungal diseases by the production of lytic enzymes such as chitinases and cellulases, and their huge host range allows a broad spectrum of applications to agriculturally and pharmaceutically interesting plant species. More recently, endophytic bacteria have also been used to produce nanoparticles for medical and industrial applications. This review highlights the biotechnological possibilities for bacterial endophyte applications and proposes future goals for their application.
Keywords: biotechnological applications; endophytes; plant growth; biofertilizers; phytohormones; phytoremediation biotechnological applications; endophytes; plant growth; biofertilizers; phytohormones; phytoremediation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Eid, A.M.; Fouda, A.; Abdel-Rahman, M.A.; Salem, S.S.; Elsaied, A.; Oelmüller, R.; Hijri, M.; Bhowmik, A.; Elkelish, A.; Hassan, S.E.-D. Harnessing Bacterial Endophytes for Promotion of Plant Growth and Biotechnological Applications: An Overview. Plants 2021, 10, 935. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050935

AMA Style

Eid AM, Fouda A, Abdel-Rahman MA, Salem SS, Elsaied A, Oelmüller R, Hijri M, Bhowmik A, Elkelish A, Hassan SE-D. Harnessing Bacterial Endophytes for Promotion of Plant Growth and Biotechnological Applications: An Overview. Plants. 2021; 10(5):935. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050935

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eid, Ahmed M., Amr Fouda, Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman, Salem S. Salem, Albaraa Elsaied, Ralf Oelmüller, Mohamed Hijri, Arnab Bhowmik, Amr Elkelish, and Saad El-Din Hassan. 2021. "Harnessing Bacterial Endophytes for Promotion of Plant Growth and Biotechnological Applications: An Overview" Plants 10, no. 5: 935. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050935

APA Style

Eid, A. M., Fouda, A., Abdel-Rahman, M. A., Salem, S. S., Elsaied, A., Oelmüller, R., Hijri, M., Bhowmik, A., Elkelish, A., & Hassan, S. E.-D. (2021). Harnessing Bacterial Endophytes for Promotion of Plant Growth and Biotechnological Applications: An Overview. Plants, 10(5), 935. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050935

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