Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia veronicifolia Populations Growing in Fragmented Shrublands from Mexico

Pacheco-Hernández, Yesenia; Villa-Ruano, Nemesio; Lozoya-Gloria, Edmundo; Barrales-Cortés, César Augusto; Jiménez-Montejo, Fabiola Eloisa; Cruz-López, María del Carmen

doi:10.3390/plants10020325

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia veronicifolia Populations Growing in Fragmented Shrublands from Mexico

by

Yesenia Pacheco-Hernández

¹,

Nemesio Villa-Ruano

²

,

Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria

^3,*

,

César Augusto Barrales-Cortés

⁴,

Fabiola Eloisa Jiménez-Montejo

¹

and

María del Carmen Cruz-López

^1,*

¹

Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico

²

CONACyT-Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico

³

Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36824, Mexico

⁴

Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla, Puebla 72820, Mexico

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Plants 2021, 10(2), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020325

Submission received: 19 November 2020 / Revised: 1 February 2021 / Accepted: 5 February 2021 / Published: 8 February 2021

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change)

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Abstract

Brickellia veronicifolia is a native Asteraceae from Mexico that persists in fragmented habitats. This investigation reports the genetic and chemical diversity of B. veronicifolia. The diversity analysis based on iPBS markers showed an averaged Shannon index (S) of 0.3493, a Nei genetic diversity (h) of 0.2256, and a percentage of polymorphic loci average (P) of 80.7867%. The population structure obtained by AMOVA revealed that the highest variation found within populations was 94.58%. GC-MS profiling of six populations indicated that major volatiles were β–caryophyllene (11.63%), spathulenol (12.85%), caryophyllene oxide (13.98%), α–cadinol (7.04%), cubedol (6.72%) and tau-muurolol (4.81%). Mantel tests suggested a statistically significant relationship between minor volatiles and geographical distance (r = 0.6163; p = 0.0470; p ˂ 0.05). Likewise, major volatiles showed a significant correlation with the soil pH (r = 0.6862; p = 0.0230) and maximum temperature (r = 0.4999; p = 0.0280). Our study suggests that the variation and genetic divergence of B. veronicifolia has no relationship with climatic parameters, whereas the volatiles are probably influenced by environmental factors and not by the genotype per se. Based on the characteristics of B. veronicifolia, this plant could be considered as a candidate for restoring fragmented shrublands in Mexico.

Keywords: Brickellia veronicifolia; iPBS markers; essential oils; environmental factors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pacheco-Hernández, Y.; Villa-Ruano, N.; Lozoya-Gloria, E.; Barrales-Cortés, C.A.; Jiménez-Montejo, F.E.; Cruz-López, M.d.C. Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia veronicifolia Populations Growing in Fragmented Shrublands from Mexico. Plants 2021, 10, 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020325

AMA Style

Pacheco-Hernández Y, Villa-Ruano N, Lozoya-Gloria E, Barrales-Cortés CA, Jiménez-Montejo FE, Cruz-López MdC. Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia veronicifolia Populations Growing in Fragmented Shrublands from Mexico. Plants. 2021; 10(2):325. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020325

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pacheco-Hernández, Yesenia, Nemesio Villa-Ruano, Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria, César Augusto Barrales-Cortés, Fabiola Eloisa Jiménez-Montejo, and María del Carmen Cruz-López. 2021. "Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia veronicifolia Populations Growing in Fragmented Shrublands from Mexico" Plants 10, no. 2: 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020325

APA Style

Pacheco-Hernández, Y., Villa-Ruano, N., Lozoya-Gloria, E., Barrales-Cortés, C. A., Jiménez-Montejo, F. E., & Cruz-López, M. d. C. (2021). Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia veronicifolia Populations Growing in Fragmented Shrublands from Mexico. Plants, 10(2), 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020325

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Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia veronicifolia Populations Growing in Fragmented Shrublands from Mexico

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