Effects of Low Temperature, Nitrogen Starvation and Their Combination on the Photosynthesis and Metabolites of Thermosynechococcus E542: A Comparison Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Temperature, Nitrogen Starvation, and Their Combination on the Growth
2.2. Variation of Pigment Contents and Chlorophyll Fluorescence
2.3. Variation of Alkanes and Fatty Acids
2.4. Lipidomic Analysis Based on LC-MS/MS
2.5. Content and Productivity of Carbohydrate and Elemental Composition of the Biomass
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cultivation of Cyanobacterium
4.2. Chla Fluorescence Transient Analysis
4.3. Measurement of Pigments
4.4. Determination of FAMEs and Alkane
4.5. Lipidomic Analysis
4.6. Determination of Carbohydrates and Elemental Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biomass –1st Stage (mgL−1) | Growth Rate μ –1st Stage (1 d−1) | Biomass –2nd Stage (mgL−1) | Growth Rate μ –2nd Stage (1 d−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
35–48 h | 0.117 ± 0.008 | 1.29 ± 0.11 | 0.265 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.07 |
35–NS | 0.102 ± 0.005 | 1.32 ± 0.21 | 0.196 ± 0.009 | 0.65 ± 0.05 |
45–48 h | 0.254 ± 0.003 | 2.26 ± 0.08 | 0.591 ± 0.012 | 0.84 ± 0.02 |
45–NS | 0.253 ± 0.007 | 2.23 ± 0.17 | 0.605 ± 0.015 | 0.87 ± 0.03 |
55–48 h | 0.244 ± 0.004 | 2.16 ± 0.13 | 0.678 ± 0.017 | 1.02 ± 0.07 |
55–NS | 0.240 ± 0.004 | 2.19 ± 0.04 | 0.654 ± 0.018 | 1.00 ± 0.04 |
FO | VJ | VI | FV/FM | |
---|---|---|---|---|
35–48 h | 27,089 ± 186 1 | 0.853 ± 0.016 | 0.794 ± 0.013 | 0.321 ± 0.007 |
45–48 h | 48,923 ± 306 | 0.665 ± 0.007 | 0.811 ± 0.008 | 0.422 ± 0.008 |
55–48 h | 44,738 ± 510 | 0.661 ± 0.008 | 0.835 ± 0.010 | 0.344 ± 0.006 |
35–NS | 10,348 ± 181 | 0.992 ± 0.007 | 0.910 ± 0.006 | 0.180 ± 0.008 |
45–NS | 14,796 ± 170 | 0.912 ± 0.007 | 0.956 ± 0.009 | 0.203 ± 0.006 |
55–NS | 15,527 ± 421 | 0.853 ± 0.007 | 0.959 ± 0.006 | 0.181 ± 0.002 |
35 °C | 35 °C–NS | 55 °C | 55 °C–NS | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MGDG content 1 | 17.8 ± 0.64 3 | 12.2 ± 0.10 | 18.6 ± 1.4 | 13.8 ± 0.48 |
MGDG (16:0/16:1) | 63.8 ± 2.2 | 47.1 ± 1.1 | 27.8 ± 0.9 | 21.2 ± 0.2 |
MGDG (16:0/18:1) | 21.4 ± 0.2 | 35.7 ± 0.3 | 35.1 ± 1.3 | 34.6 ± 0.2 |
Others 2 | 14.8 | 17.2 | 37.1 | 44.2 |
DGDG content | 26.7 ± 0.26 | 19.1 ± 1.0 | 25.1 ± 0.66 | 21.1 ± 1.1 |
DGDG (16:0/18:1) | 17.4 ± 0.3 | 25.4 ± 1.6 | 32.0 ± 0.5 | 36.3 ± 1.3 |
DGDG (16:0/16:1) | 60.1 ± 1.5 | 50.9 ± 4.3 | 25.0 ± 0.5 | 19.2 ± 0.3 |
DGDG (16:0/16:0) | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 20.1 ± 0.3 | 14.7 ± 0.1 |
Others | 16.3 | 17.9 | 22.9 | 29.9 |
SQDG content | 3.70 ± 0.11 | 1.75 ± 0.01 | 2.32 ± 0.05 | 1.42 ± 0.07 |
SQDG (16:0/16:0) | > 99 | |||
PG content | 2.20 ± 0.07 | 1.44 ± 0.01 | 1.58 ± 0.01 | 0.94 ± 0.05 |
PG (16:0/16:0) | 8.3 ± 0.1 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 19.1 ± 0.5 | 17.5 ± 0.1 |
PG (16:0/16:1) | 49.9 ± 1.2 | 42.5 ± 0.1 | 61.9 ± 0.4 | 66.2 ± 0.2 |
PG (16:0/18:1) | 41.8 ± 1.1 | 50.3 ± 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
PG (18:0/16:0) | 0 | 0 | 19.0 ± 0.2 | 16.4 ± 0.2 |
Carbon | Hydrogen | Nitrogen | Sulphur | |
---|---|---|---|---|
35–48 h | 39.40 ± 0.30 1 | 7.28 ± 0.29 | 8.09 ± 0.04 | 0.68 ± 0.01 |
35–NS | 38.77 ± 0.09 | 8.22 ± 0.29 | 3.92 ± 0.12 | 0.49 ± 0.01 |
45–48 h | 42.55 ± 0.55 | 8.86 ± 0.25 | 9.36 ± 0.18 | 1.03 ± 0.11 |
45–NS | 41.03 ± 0.76 | 10.20 ± 0.02 | 3.93 ± 0.09 | 0.66 ± 0.02 |
55–48 h | 44.05 ± 1.30 | 11.07 ± 0.01 | 8.95 ± 0.33 | 1.02 ± 0.02 |
55–NS | 42.92 ± 0.01 | 10.54 ± 0.11 | 4.28 ± 0.02 | 0.81 ± 0.14 |
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Li, X.; Liang, Y.; Li, K.; Jin, P.; Tang, J.; Klepacz-Smółka, A.; Ledakowicz, S.; Daroch, M. Effects of Low Temperature, Nitrogen Starvation and Their Combination on the Photosynthesis and Metabolites of Thermosynechococcus E542: A Comparison Study. Plants 2021, 10, 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102101
Li X, Liang Y, Li K, Jin P, Tang J, Klepacz-Smółka A, Ledakowicz S, Daroch M. Effects of Low Temperature, Nitrogen Starvation and Their Combination on the Photosynthesis and Metabolites of Thermosynechococcus E542: A Comparison Study. Plants. 2021; 10(10):2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102101
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xingkang, Yuanmei Liang, Kai Li, Peng Jin, Jie Tang, Anna Klepacz-Smółka, Stanislaw Ledakowicz, and Maurycy Daroch. 2021. "Effects of Low Temperature, Nitrogen Starvation and Their Combination on the Photosynthesis and Metabolites of Thermosynechococcus E542: A Comparison Study" Plants 10, no. 10: 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102101