Morphological Variation in Scarlet Plume (Euphorbia fulgens Karw ex Klotzsch, Euphorbiaceae), an Underutilized Ornamental Resource of Mexico with Global Importance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphological Variation in Wild Populations
2.2. Morphological Variation in Cultivated Populations
2.3. Morphometric Variation between Wild-Growing and Cultivated Populations of E. fulgens
3. Discussion
3.1. Morphological Variation in Wild Populations
3.2. Morphological Variation in Cultivated Populations
3.3. Morphological Variation between Wild-Growing and Cultivated Populations
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Morphological Variation in Wild-Growing Populations
4.2. Morphological Variation of Cultivated Populations of E. fulgens
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | p-Value | Population 1 | Population 2 | Population 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Plant height | 0.0696 | 145.53 a | 158.63 a | 180.63 a |
Basal diameter | 0.0240 | 0.78 ab | 0.64 b | 1.02 a |
Petiole length | 0.0007 | 3.46 a | 2.94 b | 2.95 b |
Blade length | 0.0001 | 7.99 c | 9.03 b | 9.73 a |
Blade width | 0.0204 | 2.75 a | 2.36 b | 2.45 ab |
Blade width/Blade length | 0.0001 | 0.35 a | 0.26 b | 0.25 b |
Petiole length/Blade length | 0.0001 | 0.43 a | 0.33 b | 0.30 b |
Leaf area | 0.8267 | 14.43 a | 13.77 a | 14.08 a |
Leaf perimeter | 0.4161 | 27.88 a | 27.46 a | 28.73 a |
Leaf Feret diameter | 0.0504 | 11.12 b | 11.58 ab | 12.01 a |
Leaf roundness | <0.0001 | 0.34 a | 0.26 b | 0.25 b |
Number of branches with inflorescences | 0.0037 | 4.20 a | 1.80 b | 4.07 a |
Inflorescence length | 0.0080 | 12.07 b | 22.92 a | 18.72 ab |
Number of cyathia per axillary cyme | 0.1527 | 3.03 a | 3.37 a | 3.07 a |
Longest cyme length | 0.0068 | 2.72 ab | 2.87 a | 2.41 b |
Number of axillary cymes | 0.9085 | 14.27 a | 13.40 a | 13.73 a |
Number of hermaphrodite cyathia | 0.0001 | 1.53 b | 9.30 a | 0.73 b |
Number of male cyathia | 0.0011 | 14.33 a | 7.13 b | 8.17 b |
Number of female cyathia | 0.5249 | 1.03 a | 0.60 a | 0.67 a |
Peduncle length | 0.0001 | 1.53 a | 1.05 b | 1.51 a |
Involucre length | 0.0007 | 0.31 b | 0.30 b | 0.33 a |
Petal appendage length | 0.6668 | 0.54 a | 0.54 a | 0.53 a |
Petal appendage width | 0.0044 | 0.50 a | 0.50 a | 0.44 b |
Pedicel length | 0.0033 | 0.98 a | 0.85 b | 1.02 a |
Ovary length | 0.0136 | 0.32 a | 0.29 b | 0.31 ab |
Style length | 0.0117 | 0.15 a | 0.12 ab | 0.11 b |
Stamen length | <0.0001 | 0.46 c | 0.67 a | 0.53 b |
Petal appendages colour | <0.0001 | 1.57 b | 3.20 a | 1.30 b |
Leaf blade colour in the superior third of inflorescence | 0.3721 | 1.00 a | 1.00 a | 1.03 a |
Intensity of leaf blade colour in the superior third of inflorescence | 0.3721 | 1.00 a | 1.00 a | 1.13 a |
Variable | p-Value | Population 1 | Population 2 | Population 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Plant height | 0.0007 | 88.50 b | 83.69 b | 110.87 a |
Basal diameter | 0.0102 | 0.44 b | 0.44 b | 0.49 a |
Petiole length | 0.0024 | 3.25 a | 2.73 b | 2.60 b |
Blade length | 0.0032 | 7.74 b | 8.51 ab | 8.88 a |
Blade width | <0.0001 | 2.41 a | 1.38 c | 1.92 b |
Blade width/Blade length | <0.0001 | 0.32 a | 0.15 c | 0.21 b |
Petiole length/Blade length | <0.0001 | 0.43 a | 0.33 b | 0.29 b |
Internode length | 0.0712 | 1.77 a | 1.95 a | 2.08 a |
Leaf area | 0.0002 | 13.58 a | 9.38 b | 12.59 a |
Leaf perimeter | 0.7648 | 29.44 a | 29.50 a | 30.11 a |
Leaf Feret diameter | 0.0422 | 10.61 b | 11.20 ab | 11.55 a |
Leaf roundness | <0.0001 | 0.31 a | 0.17 b | 0.21 b |
Number of branches with inflorescences | 0.0877 | 31.13 a | 25.87 a | 28.47 a |
Inflorescence length | 0.1890 | 20.13 a | 16.97 a | 21.92 a |
Number of cyathia per axillary cyme | 0.0180 | 3.47 ab | 2.93 b | 3.93 a |
Longest cyme length | 0.0471 | 4.23 ab | 4.74 a | 3.77 b |
Number of axillary cymes | 0.1277 | 14.33 a | 10.67 a | 12.40 a |
Number of hermaphrodite cyathia | 0.0633 | 33.87 a | 20.60 a | 29.80 a |
Number of male cyathia | 0.5016 | 14.47 a | 11.13 a | 10.40 a |
Number of female cyathia | 0.0298 | 5.87 a | 2.13 b | 4.87 ab |
Internode length in inflorescence | 0.2370 | 1.05 a | 1.12 a | 1.87 a |
Peduncle length | 0.1880 | 1.13 a | 1.39 a | 1.19 a |
Involucre length | 0.8454 | 0.32 a | 0.32 a | 0.33 a |
Cyathium diameter | 0.2550 | 1.40 a | 1.41 a | 1.27 a |
Petal appendage length | 0.0352 | 0.55 a | 0.54 a | 0.45 a |
Petal appendage width | 0.7939 | 0.49 a | 0.51 a | 0.48 a |
Pedicel length | 0.0636 | 0.83 a | 0.89 a | 0.73 a |
Ovary length | 0.2002 | 0.30 a | 0.30 a | 0.27 a |
Style length | 0.3040 | 0.10 a | 0.12 a | 0.11 a |
Stamen length | 0.0156 | 0.70 a | 0.68 ab | 0.59 b |
Petal appendages colour | 0.5167 | 3.40 a | 3.53 a | 3.07 a |
Leaf blade colour in the superior third of inflorescence | 0.0018 | 1.60 a | 1.20 b | 1.00 b |
Intensity of leaf blade colour in the superior third of inflorescence | 0.0011 | 2.87 a | 1.53 b | 1.07 b |
Fruit length | 0.1489 | 0.69 a | 0.67 a | 0.60 a |
Fruit diameter | 0.5954 | 0.60 a | 0.58 a | 0.56 a |
Fruit number | 0.6511 | 5.67 a | 4.40 a | 4.93 a |
Seed number | 0.9118 | 11.00 a | 10.40 a | 9.80 a |
Number of vegetative sprouts | 0.2209 | 6.07 a | 4.47 a | 4.40 a |
Population | Altitude (msnm) | Vegetation Type | Sand | Silt | Clay | Organic Matter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1421 | OPF | 53.3 | 29.3 | 17.2 | 4.48 |
2 | 1130 | OPF | 55.5 | 31.3 | 13.2 | 7.07 |
3 | 1160 | MMF, SVMMF | 65.9 | 16.0 | 18.1 | 7.54 |
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Pérez-Nicolás, M.; Colinas-León, T.; Alia-Tejacal, I.; Peña-Ortega, G.; González-Andrés, F.; Beltrán-Rodríguez, L. Morphological Variation in Scarlet Plume (Euphorbia fulgens Karw ex Klotzsch, Euphorbiaceae), an Underutilized Ornamental Resource of Mexico with Global Importance. Plants 2021, 10, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102020
Pérez-Nicolás M, Colinas-León T, Alia-Tejacal I, Peña-Ortega G, González-Andrés F, Beltrán-Rodríguez L. Morphological Variation in Scarlet Plume (Euphorbia fulgens Karw ex Klotzsch, Euphorbiaceae), an Underutilized Ornamental Resource of Mexico with Global Importance. Plants. 2021; 10(10):2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102020
Chicago/Turabian StylePérez-Nicolás, Mónica, Teresa Colinas-León, Iran Alia-Tejacal, Gisela Peña-Ortega, Fernando González-Andrés, and Leonardo Beltrán-Rodríguez. 2021. "Morphological Variation in Scarlet Plume (Euphorbia fulgens Karw ex Klotzsch, Euphorbiaceae), an Underutilized Ornamental Resource of Mexico with Global Importance" Plants 10, no. 10: 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102020