Employing Incremental Outlines for OpenStreetMap Data Updating
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- A novel data updating framework, namely an incremental outline-based approach, is proposed for OSM data updating to solve the problem of data inaccuracy and redundancy.
- (2)
- Spatial classification and attribute information are proposed to describe both the spatial and physical changes of the incremental outlines.
- (3)
- Updating operations are designed based on the utilization of incremental outlines to activate the updating process of the OSM data.
2. Methodology
2.1. Overview
2.2. Spatial Classification of Incremental Changes
2.2.1. Introduction of the Incremental Outlines
2.2.2. Spatial Classification of Incremental Changes Based on Incremental Outlines
2.3. Attributes of Incremental Changes
2.4. Incremental Updating Using Incremental Outlines
2.4.1. Geometric Calculation Based on Incremental Outlines
- Extend target line: ,
- Split target line: ,
- Merge target line: ,
- Divert target line: ,
- Replace target line: ,
2.4.2. Incremental Updating Operations
2.4.3. Construction of Incremental Updating Rules
3. Results
3.1. Experimental Data
3.2. Incremental Updating for OpenStreetMap
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Incremental Types | Incremental Objects | Incremental Outlines | Legends |
---|---|---|---|
Incremental Lines | Positive increments | Create target line | Appearance of line |
Negative increments | Delete target line | Vanishing of line | |
Deviant positive and negative increments | Move target line | Movement of line, objects disjoint | |
Rotate target line | Rotation of line | ||
Extending positive increments | Extend target line | Extending of line | |
Shrinking negative increments | Split target line | Shrinking of line | |
Extending and shrinking increments | Divert target line | Partial changes of line | |
Move target line | Movement of line, objects intersect |
Incremental Types | Incremental Objects | Incremental Outlines | Legends |
---|---|---|---|
Incremental areas | Positive increments | Create target line | Appearance of area |
Negative increments | Delete target line | Vanishing of area | |
Deviant positive and negative increments | Move target line | Movement of area, objects disjoint | |
Extending positive increments | Replace target line | Expanding of area | |
Expand target line | Partial expanding of area | ||
Shrinking negative increments | Replace target line | Shrinking of area | |
Split target line | Partial shrinking of area | ||
Extending and shrinking increments | Move target line | Movement of area, objects intersect | |
Rotate target line | Rotation of area |
Incremental Type | Before Changes | After Changes | Incremental Objects | Incremental Outlines | Attributes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive increments | Topological relations | ||||
Topological relations |
Incremental Changes | Experimental Area #1 | Experimental Area #2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Incremental objects classification | Positive increment | 44 | 130 |
Negative increment | 14 | 10 | |
Extending positive increment | 30 | 13 | |
Shrinking negative increment | 28 | 18 | |
Extending and shrinking increment | 4 | 40 | |
Deviant positive and negative increment | 18 | 8 | |
Incremental outlines classification | Create target line | 45 | 128 |
Delete target line | 11 | 10 | |
Divert target line | 1 | 4 | |
Extend target line | 3 | 3 | |
Merge target line | 7 | 25 | |
Move target line | 7 | 5 | |
Replace target line | 9 | 3 | |
Rotate target line | 7 | 3 | |
Split target line | 12 | 29 |
Incremental Types | Numbers of Incremental Changes | Time Costs for Updating | Storage for Updating | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental Area #1 | Incremental objects | 138 incremental objects | 1.2 s | 98.0 KB |
Incremental outlines | 102 incremental outlines | 0.4 s | 54.8 KB | |
Experimental Area #2 | Incremental objects | 219 incremental objects | 2.6 s | 126.8 KB |
Incremental outlines | 210 incremental outlines | 0.9 s | 81.2 KB |
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Xing, H.; Meng, Y.; Chen, J.; Song, J.; Fan, K. Employing Incremental Outlines for OpenStreetMap Data Updating. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2018, 7, 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7070277
Xing H, Meng Y, Chen J, Song J, Fan K. Employing Incremental Outlines for OpenStreetMap Data Updating. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2018; 7(7):277. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7070277
Chicago/Turabian StyleXing, Hanfa, Yuan Meng, Jun Chen, Jie Song, and Kaixuan Fan. 2018. "Employing Incremental Outlines for OpenStreetMap Data Updating" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 7: 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7070277