Indoor Positioning Algorithm Based on Maximum Correntropy Unscented Information Filter
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Process and Measurement Models
2.1. Process Model
2.2. Measurement Model
3. Related Work
3.1. Maximum Correntropy Criterion
3.2. Location Algorithm Based on MCUIF
- State Time UpdatingFirst, according to the UT transformation and formulas (12) and (13), a set of sampling points (called Sigma point set) has been calculated:Next, the corresponding weights of these sampling points have been obtained:Then, the set of 2k + 1 Sigma points is formed according to the system equation:Then, the prediction and covariance matrix of the system state quantities are, respectively, as follows:Then, the matrix about Fisher information is expressed as
- Measurement UpdatingAccording to the predicted value of one step, the UT transformation is used again to generate a new Sigma point set:The predicted new Sigma point set is substituted into the observation Equation (10) to obtain the corresponding observed Sigma point set:The predicted observed values of the observation Sigma point set are obtained according to step (3), and then the predicted mean values of the indoor positioning system are obtained by weighted summation as follows:Combining Equations (10) and (11) with Equations (15) and (18), we obtain the following nonlinear model:Through the derivation of MCC, formula (25) can be obtained. See Appendix A for the detailed derivation process. Then, the modified covariance is, .However, the true state is unknown in practice indoor environment. Suppose , that is, in Equation (A2), then we get and the modified observation covariance is . Then, the covariance of the systematic observation isThen, the information state contribution is calculated asFinally, the information state vector and the Fischer information matrix are calculated:
4. Experiment and Simulation Analysis
4.1. Validity Analysis of MCUIF Method
4.2. Analysis of MCUIF Method Robustness
4.3. Experimental Analysis of the Corner
4.4. Simulation Analysis to Select the Appropriate Kernel Bandwidth
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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n | Mean | Standard Deviation | Standard Error of Mean | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LS | 9 | 2.467 | 0.116 | 0.038 |
EKF | 9 | 1.985 | 0.165 | 0.055 |
UIF | 9 | 1.450 | 0.121 | 0.040 |
MCUIF | 9 | 0.983 | 0.115 | 0.038 |
Number | Algorithms | ALE (m) |
---|---|---|
1 | LS | 3.06 |
2 | EKF | 2.52 |
3 | UIF | 1.74 |
4 | MCUIF | 1.13 |
Number | Algorithms | ALE of Scheme I (m) | ALE of Scheme II (m) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | LS | 2.85 | 2.63 |
2 | EKF | 2.36 | 2.01 |
3 | UIF | 1.83 | 1.59 |
4 | MCUIF | 1.21 | 1.02 |
Kernel Bandwidth | |
---|---|
MCUIF | 1.04 |
MCUIF | 0.98 |
MCUIF | 1.31 |
MCUIF | 1.53 |
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Ma, L.; Cao, N.; Feng, X.; Mao, M. Indoor Positioning Algorithm Based on Maximum Correntropy Unscented Information Filter. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10, 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070441
Ma L, Cao N, Feng X, Mao M. Indoor Positioning Algorithm Based on Maximum Correntropy Unscented Information Filter. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10(7):441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070441
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Li, Ning Cao, Xiaoliang Feng, and Minghe Mao. 2021. "Indoor Positioning Algorithm Based on Maximum Correntropy Unscented Information Filter" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 7: 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070441
APA StyleMa, L., Cao, N., Feng, X., & Mao, M. (2021). Indoor Positioning Algorithm Based on Maximum Correntropy Unscented Information Filter. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(7), 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070441