Immunomodulatory Functions of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 (aa 13–31)-Derived Peptides are Associated with Predicted α-Helical Propensity and Hydrophobic Index
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Peptides’ Amphipathicity and Predicted Structural Properties
2.2. Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Macrophage-like THP-1 Cells
2.3. Peptide Retention Time (RT) on C18 Reversed-Phase (RP) HPLC Column
2.4. Association of Peptides’ Immunomodulatory Functions with Retention Properties
2.5. Peptide-Mediated Responses in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Peptides and Other Reagents
4.2. Peptide Design and In Silico Determination of Helicity and Hydrophobicity Index
4.3. Cell Culture
4.4. Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) Isolation
4.5. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.6. RP HPLC
4.7. Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peptides | Sequence | Net Charge at pH 7 | Net Charge at pH 2 |
---|---|---|---|
IG19 | IGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNL-NH2 | +5 | +7 |
IG-19a | IREGRRINLLVKKIFDKQF-NH2 | +5 | +7 |
IG-19b | NLKEFIRIRGKDFQVRILK-NH2 | +5 | +7 |
IG-19c | LIEKRKRFGRKNQIDIVLF-NH2 | +5 | +7 |
IG-19d | IFRRFLKDERIGIKNLKVQ-NH2 | +5 | +7 |
Peptides | Secondary Structure Score (PredictProtein Software) | α- Helicity Score (AGADIR) | Hydrophobicity Index (Predicted) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Helix | Strand | Loop | |||
IG19 | 84.2% | 0.0% | 15.8% | 9.4 | 11.15 |
IG-19a | 57.9% | 0.0% | 42.1% | 2.23 | 9.40 |
IG-19b | 42.1% | 21.1% | 36.8% | 3.35 | 10.95 |
IG-19c | 35.6% | 15.8% | 48.6% | 1.45 | 8.87 |
IG-19d | 39.1% | 0.0% | 59.9% | 0.51 | 7.59 |
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Hemshekhar, M.; Faiyaz, S.; Choi, K.-Y.G.; Krokhin, O.V.; Mookherjee, N. Immunomodulatory Functions of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 (aa 13–31)-Derived Peptides are Associated with Predicted α-Helical Propensity and Hydrophobic Index. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090501
Hemshekhar M, Faiyaz S, Choi K-YG, Krokhin OV, Mookherjee N. Immunomodulatory Functions of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 (aa 13–31)-Derived Peptides are Associated with Predicted α-Helical Propensity and Hydrophobic Index. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(9):501. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090501
Chicago/Turabian StyleHemshekhar, Mahadevappa, Sana Faiyaz, Ka-Yee Grace Choi, Oleg V. Krokhin, and Neeloffer Mookherjee. 2019. "Immunomodulatory Functions of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 (aa 13–31)-Derived Peptides are Associated with Predicted α-Helical Propensity and Hydrophobic Index" Biomolecules 9, no. 9: 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090501