Modulatory Mechanisms of the NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Diabetes
1
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
2
College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
3
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomolecules 2019, 9(12), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120850
Received: 14 November 2019 / Revised: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 2 December 2019 / Published: 9 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atherosclerosis and Related Diseases: Particular Focus on Molecular Biology)
The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that acts to enhance inflammatory responses by promoting the production and secretion of key cytokines. The best-known inflammasome is the NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor [NLR] family pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome. The evidence has shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and pyroptosis play vital roles in the development of diabetes. This review summarizes the regulation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by NLRP3 via modulation of glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, inflammation, and apoptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipose tissue. Moreover, NLRP3 participates in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory conditions, and NLRP3-deficient mice experience intestinal lesions. The diversity of an individual’s gut microbiome and the resultant microbial metabolites determines the extent of their involvement in the physiological and pathological mechanisms within the gut. As such, further study of the interaction between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the complex intestinal environment in disease development is warranted to discover novel therapies for the treatment of diabetes.
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Keywords:
diabetes; NLRP3; Glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; gut microbes
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ding, S.; Xu, S.; Ma, Y.; Liu, G.; Jang, H.; Fang, J. Modulatory Mechanisms of the NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Diabetes. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120850
AMA Style
Ding S, Xu S, Ma Y, Liu G, Jang H, Fang J. Modulatory Mechanisms of the NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Diabetes. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(12):850. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120850
Chicago/Turabian StyleDing, Sujuan; Xu, Sheng; Ma, Yong; Liu, Gang; Jang, Hongmei; Fang, Jun. 2019. "Modulatory Mechanisms of the NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Diabetes" Biomolecules 9, no. 12: 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120850
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