Parvifloron D from Plectranthus strigosus: Cytotoxicity Screening of Plectranthus spp. Extracts
by
Catarina Garcia 1,2, Epole Ntungwe 1,2
, Ana Rebelo 1,2, Cláudia Bessa 3, Tijana Stankovic 4, Jelena Dinic 4, Ana Díaz-Lanza 2, Catarina P. Reis 5, Amílcar Roberto 1, Paula Pereira 1,6, Maria-João Cebola 1,6, Lucília Saraiva 3, Milica Pesic 4, Noélia Duarte 5,* and Patrícia Rijo 1,5,*
Catarina Garcia 1,2, Epole Ntungwe 1,2, Ana Rebelo 1,2, Cláudia Bessa 3, Tijana Stankovic 4, Jelena Dinic 4, Ana Díaz-Lanza 2, Catarina P. Reis 5, Amílcar Roberto 1, Paula Pereira 1,6, Maria-João Cebola 1,6, Lucília Saraiva 3, Milica Pesic 4, Noélia Duarte 5,* and Patrícia Rijo 1,5,*
1
Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
2
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
3
LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
4
Institute for Biological Research, “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
5
Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
6
CERENA–Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2019, 9(10), 616; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100616
Received: 23 September 2019 / Revised: 9 October 2019 / Accepted: 13 October 2019 / Published: 17 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antitumor Agents from Natural Sources)
The Plectranthus genus is commonly used in traditional medicine due to its potential to treat several illnesses, including bacterial infections and cancer. As such, aiming to screen the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of extracts, sixteen selected Plectranthus species with medicinal potential were studied. In total, 31 extracts obtained from 16 Plectranthus spp. were tested for their antibacterial and anticancer properties. Well diffusion method was used for preliminary antibacterial screening. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the five most active acetonic extracts (P. aliciae, P. japonicus, P. madagascariensis var. “Lynne”, P. stylesii, and P. strigosus) were determined. After preliminary toxicity evaluation on Artemia salina L., their cytotoxic properties were assessed on three human cancer cell lines (HCT116, MCF-7, and H460). These were also selected for mechanism of resistance studies (on NCI-H460/R and DLD1-TxR cells). An identified compound—parvifloron D—was tested in a pair of sensitive and MDR-Multidrug resistance cancer cells (NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/R) and in normal bronchial fibroblasts MRC-5. The chemical composition of the most active extract was studied through high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD/UV) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Overall, P. strigosus acetonic extract showed the strongest antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential that could be explained by the presence of parvifloron D, a highly cytotoxic diterpene. This study provides valuable information on the use of the Plectranthus genus as a source of bioactive compounds, namely P. strigosus with the potential active ingredient the parvifloron D.
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Keywords:
Plectranthus; P. strigosus; antimicrobial; cytotoxicity; parvifloron D
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MDPI and ACS Style
Garcia, C.; Ntungwe, E.; Rebelo, A.; Bessa, C.; Stankovic, T.; Dinic, J.; Díaz-Lanza, A.; P. Reis, C.; Roberto, A.; Pereira, P.; Cebola, M.-J.; Saraiva, L.; Pesic, M.; Duarte, N.; Rijo, P. Parvifloron D from Plectranthus strigosus: Cytotoxicity Screening of Plectranthus spp. Extracts. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 616.
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