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Biomolecules
Volume 15
Issue 9
10.3390/biom15091247
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Consequences of Adhesion Molecule Close Homolog of L1 Deficiency for Neurons and Glial Cells in the Mouse Spinal Cord After Injury

by
Igor Jakovcevski
1,2,*,
Ayse Acar
1,
Benjamin Schwindenhammer
1,2,
Mohammad I.K. Hamad
3,
Gebhard Reiss
1,
Eckart Förster
2 and
Melitta Schachner
4,*
1
Institut für Anatomie und Klinische Morphologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten, Germany
2
Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
3
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551 United Arab Emirates
4
W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2025, 15(9), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15091247
Submission received: 9 July 2025 / Revised: 25 August 2025 / Accepted: 27 August 2025 / Published: 28 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Section 'Molecular Medicine')
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

After spinal cord injury, pathological changes predominantly proceed caudal to the site of injury. To what extent these changes contribute to abnormalities during regeneration is poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question with a low-thoracic compression injury mouse model. The total numbers of immunohistochemically stained neuronal and glial cell types in the lumbar spinal cord were stereologically determined 6 weeks after injury. We also investigated injured mice deficient in close homolog of L1 (CHL1), which had been reported to recover better after injury than their wild-type littermates. We here report that there were no differences between genotypes in uninjured animals. In both injured CHL1-deficient and wild-type littermates, gray and white matter volumes were decreased as compared with uninjured mice. Numbers of motoneurons and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons were also reduced in both genotypes. Numbers of interneurons in injured mutant mice were lower than in wild-type littermates. Whereas injury did not affect numbers of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the gray matter, numbers of microglia/macrophages were increased. In the mutant white matter, numbers of oligodendrocytes were reduced, with no changes in numbers of astrocytes and microglia. A loss of motoneurons and interneurons was observed in both genotypes, but loss of interneurons was more prominent in the absence of CHL1. We propose that, after injury, CHL1 deficiency causes deficits in structural outcome not seen after injury of wild-type mice.
Keywords: close homolog of L1; glia; motoneurons; neurons; interneurons; parvalbumin; spinal cord injury close homolog of L1; glia; motoneurons; neurons; interneurons; parvalbumin; spinal cord injury

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jakovcevski, I.; Acar, A.; Schwindenhammer, B.; Hamad, M.I.K.; Reiss, G.; Förster, E.; Schachner, M. Consequences of Adhesion Molecule Close Homolog of L1 Deficiency for Neurons and Glial Cells in the Mouse Spinal Cord After Injury. Biomolecules 2025, 15, 1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15091247

AMA Style

Jakovcevski I, Acar A, Schwindenhammer B, Hamad MIK, Reiss G, Förster E, Schachner M. Consequences of Adhesion Molecule Close Homolog of L1 Deficiency for Neurons and Glial Cells in the Mouse Spinal Cord After Injury. Biomolecules. 2025; 15(9):1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15091247

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jakovcevski, Igor, Ayse Acar, Benjamin Schwindenhammer, Mohammad I.K. Hamad, Gebhard Reiss, Eckart Förster, and Melitta Schachner. 2025. "Consequences of Adhesion Molecule Close Homolog of L1 Deficiency for Neurons and Glial Cells in the Mouse Spinal Cord After Injury" Biomolecules 15, no. 9: 1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15091247

APA Style

Jakovcevski, I., Acar, A., Schwindenhammer, B., Hamad, M. I. K., Reiss, G., Förster, E., & Schachner, M. (2025). Consequences of Adhesion Molecule Close Homolog of L1 Deficiency for Neurons and Glial Cells in the Mouse Spinal Cord After Injury. Biomolecules, 15(9), 1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15091247

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