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Biomolecules
Volume 15
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10.3390/biom15111520
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Integrative Physiological, Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Uncover the Mechanisms Underlying Differential Responses of Two Anubias Genotypes to Low-Temperature Stress

by
Yanyu Luo
1,
Liguo Wei
1,
Weiguang Liu
1,
Jiwei Chen
1,
Jinzhong Zhang
1,
Zhijian Yang
1,
Shaoli Huang
1,* and
Yiwei Zhou
2,*
1
Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Rural Sciences, Guangzhou 510335, China
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2025, 15(11), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15111520
Submission received: 22 September 2025 / Revised: 27 October 2025 / Accepted: 27 October 2025 / Published: 28 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Molecular Stress Physiology—Elucidation of Plant Responses and Defense Mechanisms Against Stress)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Anubias (Araceae) is a globally important group of ornamental aquatic plants. However, when temperatures drop to 10 °C, most species suffer obvious frostbite from cold stress, restricting winter cultivation and broader application. This study focused on two Anubias genotypes with distinct cold tolerance, adopting an integrated approach combining phenotypic, physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses to reveal the mechanisms underlying their differential cold tolerance. Under 10 °C cold stress, compared with normal temperatures, the leaves of cold-tolerant Anubias sp. ‘Long Leaf’ (Jian) showed no significant frostbite, while cold-sensitive Anubias barteri var. nana ‘Coin Leaf’ (Jin) had clear frost damage. Both genotypes exhibited increased leaf relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); “Jian” had more notable rises in SOD/CAT activities and maintained higher levels, whereas “Jin” showed greater increases in conductivity, MDA, and soluble sugar. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed “Jian” specifically upregulated metabolites in pathways like flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism, as well as genes related to valine, leucine, isoleucine degradation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. ERFs, WRKYs, NACs and other transcription factors correlated with these differentially expressed genes, suggesting potential transcriptional regulation. These results provides insights for breeding cold-tolerant Anubias and optimizing low-temperature cultivation.
Keywords: Anubias; cold hardiness; freezing injury; metabolome; transcriptome Anubias; cold hardiness; freezing injury; metabolome; transcriptome

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Luo, Y.; Wei, L.; Liu, W.; Chen, J.; Zhang, J.; Yang, Z.; Huang, S.; Zhou, Y. Integrative Physiological, Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Uncover the Mechanisms Underlying Differential Responses of Two Anubias Genotypes to Low-Temperature Stress. Biomolecules 2025, 15, 1520. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15111520

AMA Style

Luo Y, Wei L, Liu W, Chen J, Zhang J, Yang Z, Huang S, Zhou Y. Integrative Physiological, Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Uncover the Mechanisms Underlying Differential Responses of Two Anubias Genotypes to Low-Temperature Stress. Biomolecules. 2025; 15(11):1520. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15111520

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luo, Yanyu, Liguo Wei, Weiguang Liu, Jiwei Chen, Jinzhong Zhang, Zhijian Yang, Shaoli Huang, and Yiwei Zhou. 2025. "Integrative Physiological, Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Uncover the Mechanisms Underlying Differential Responses of Two Anubias Genotypes to Low-Temperature Stress" Biomolecules 15, no. 11: 1520. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15111520

APA Style

Luo, Y., Wei, L., Liu, W., Chen, J., Zhang, J., Yang, Z., Huang, S., & Zhou, Y. (2025). Integrative Physiological, Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Uncover the Mechanisms Underlying Differential Responses of Two Anubias Genotypes to Low-Temperature Stress. Biomolecules, 15(11), 1520. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15111520

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