Extracellular Polymeric Substances Facilitate the Adsorption and Migration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in Saturated Porous Media
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Porous Materials
2.2. Extraction and Characterization of EPS
2.3. Procedure of Batch Experiments for Adsorption between EPS, Quartz Sand, and HMs
2.4. Apparatus and Setup for EPS/HMs Breakthroughs
2.5. Breakthrough of EPS/HMs in Porous Media
2.6. Determination of Cu2+ and Cd2+ Concentration
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of EPS Composition
3.1.1. Effect of Dialysis on the Content of EPS Composition
3.1.2. Determination of the EPS Composition
3.2. Adsorption of EPS on Quartz Sand
3.3. Adsorption of Cu2+/Cd2+ by EPS
3.3.1. Adsorption of EPS with Single Metal Ion
3.3.2. Adsorption of Both Heavy Metals by EPS
3.4. Effect of EPS on Adsorption of Cu2+/Cd2+ on Quartz Sand
3.5. Breakthrough of EPS in Saturated Porous Media
3.6. Effect of EPS on the Cu2+/Cd2+ Migration through Saturated Porous Media
3.6.1. Effect of EPS on Migration of Individual Metal
3.6.2. Effect of EPS on Co-Transport of Cu2+ and Cd2+
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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The Sources of Microorganisms | Microorganisms Types | The Kind of Metal | Adsorption Capacity or Adsorption Efficiency | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wastewater sludge systems | Klebsiella sp., Bacillus sp. | Hg(II) | 2597.62 mg/g (Klebsiella sp.), 2617.23 mg/g (Bacillus sp.) | [25] |
Aqueous environment | Agrobacterium tumefaciens F2 | Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ | 94.67% (Pb2+), 94.41% (Cd2+), 77.95% (Ni2+) | [3] |
Wastewater treat plant | D. desulfuricans (GenBank/HQ022824.1) | Cu2+, Zn2+ | 899.1 mg/g EPS for Cu2+, 932.1 mg/g EPS for Zn2+ | [26] |
- | Aspergillus fumigatus | Cu(II), Cd(II) | 40 mg/g EPS for Cu(II), 85.5 mg/g EPS for Cd(II) | [27] |
Activated sludge in municipal wastewater treatment plants | Klebsiella sp. J1 | Pb(II) | 99.5 mg/g | [28] |
No. | Concentration of Cu (mg/L) | Concentration of Cd (mg/L) | Contact Time (min) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 5 | 0 | 5, 15, 30, 50, 70, 100, 120, 240, 360, 720 |
2 | 5, 10, 15, 25, 40 | 0 | 720 |
3 | 0 | 7 | 5, 15, 30, 50, 70, 100, 240, 720 |
4 | 0 | 10, 20, 30, 50, 80 | 720 |
5 | 0 | 5 | 720 |
6 | 0 | 7 | 720 |
7 | 5 | 7 | 720 |
No. | Hyperpure Water | EPS (PV) (50 mg/L) | Cu2+ (PV) (100 mg/L) | Cd2+ (PV) (50 mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4 | 13 | - | - |
2 | 4 | 13 | 10 | - |
2 * | 17 | - | 10 | - |
3 | 4 | 13 | - | 10 |
3 * | 17 | - | - | 10 |
4 | 4 | 13 | 5 | 5 |
4 * | 4 | - | 5 | 5 |
Isothermal Adsorption Model | Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freundlich Constants | Linear Model Constants | Temkin Constants | |||||||||
K | n | R2 | K | R2 | K | R2 | Qe,exp (mg/g) | K (g/(mg h)) | R2 | Qe,cal (mg/g) | |
Cu2+ | 14.02 | 1.409 | 0.904 | 3.908 | 0.883 | 44.704 | 0.963 | 20.79 | 2.208 | 0.993 | 13.46 |
Cd2+ | 0.372 | 0.697 | 0.974 | 2.327 | 0.956 | 66.496 | 0.894 | 15.93 | −0.568 | 0.997 | 14.06 |
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Wu, Y.; Li, Z.; Yang, Y.; Purchase, D.; Lu, Y.; Dai, Z. Extracellular Polymeric Substances Facilitate the Adsorption and Migration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in Saturated Porous Media. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111715
Wu Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Purchase D, Lu Y, Dai Z. Extracellular Polymeric Substances Facilitate the Adsorption and Migration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in Saturated Porous Media. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(11):1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111715
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Yuhui, Zhengyu Li, Yuesuo Yang, Diane Purchase, Ying Lu, and Zhenxue Dai. 2021. "Extracellular Polymeric Substances Facilitate the Adsorption and Migration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in Saturated Porous Media" Biomolecules 11, no. 11: 1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111715