Generation of Retinaldehyde for Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Retinoid-Active Members of the Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Superfamily of Proteins
3. Retinol Dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and Regulation of the Flux from Retinol to Retinaldehyde
4. RDH10-Related Dehydrogenases
5. Retinol Dehydrogenase 11 and Maintenance of Retinol Homeostasis
6. RDH11-Related Enzymes
7. Future Studies
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SDR | Substrate/Cofactor | Apparent Km μM | Apparent Vmax nmol⋅min−1⋅mg−1 | Vmax/Km |
---|---|---|---|---|
Xenopus rdhe251 | all-trans-retinol | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 19.5 ± 0.6 | 32.5 |
NAD+ | 108 ± 27 | 21 ± 1 | ||
all-trans-retinaldehyde | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 6 | |
NADH | 8.4 ± 1.7 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | ||
11-cis-retinol | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 1.8 | |
Murine RDHE251 | all-trans-retinol | UD | UD | |
all-trans-retinaldehyde | N.D. | N.D. | ||
Murine RDHE2S51 | all-trans-retinol | 0.87 ± 0.21 | 8.7 ± 0.6 | 10 |
NAD+ | 460 ± 30 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | ||
all-trans-retinaldehyde | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 6 | |
NADH | 11 ± 3 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | ||
11-cis-retinol | 0.86 ± 0.14 | 1.34 ± 0.07 | 1.6 | |
9-cis-retinol | UD | UD | ||
Human RDHE253 | all-trans-retinol | N.D. | ~0.06 | |
NAD+ | Preferred | |||
Human RDH1022 | all-trans-retinol | 0.035 ± 0.010 | 1.30 ± 0.05 | 37 |
NAD+ | 100 ± 10 | 1.30 ± 0.04 | ||
11-cis-retinol | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 1.42 ± 0.06 | 24 | |
9-cis-retinol | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.77 ± 0.05 | 19 |
SDR | Substrate/Cofactor | Apparent Km μM | Apparent Vmax nmol·min−1·mg−1 | Vmax/Km | kcat min−1 | kcat/Km min−1·μM−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RDH11 Sf9 MS33 | all-trans-retinol | 0.70 ± 0.04 | 13.2 ± 0.3 | 19 | ||
NADP+ | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 8.7 ± 0.8 | ||||
all-trans-retinaldehyde | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 41 ± 1 | 205 | |||
NADPH | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 44.0 ± 0.6 | ||||
RDH11 Purified33 | all-trans-retinol | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 300 ± 20 | 500 | 11 | 18 |
NADP+ | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 250 ± 4 | ||||
all-trans-retinaldehyde | 0.12 ± 0.1 | 506 ± 13 | 4217 | 18 | 150 | |
NADPH | 0.47 ± 0.04 | 530 ± 10 | ||||
RDH12, Sf9 MS34 | NADP+ (with atROL) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 79.0 ± 2.5 | |||
NADPH (with atRAL) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 98.0 ± 2.0 | ||||
RDH12 Purified34 | all-trans-retinol | 0.40 ± 0.10 | 748 | 1870 | 27 ± 2 | 68 |
11-cis-retinol | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 7 ± 0.7 | 44 | |||
9-cis-retinol | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 7 ± 0.3 | 44 | |||
NADP+ (with atROL) | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 770 ± 30 | ||||
all-trans-retinaldehyde | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 997 | 24,930 | 36 ± 1.7 | 900 | |
11-cis-retinaldehyde | 0.1 ± 0.05 | 45 ± 4 | 450 | |||
9-cis-retinaldehyde | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 14 ± 1 | 100 | |||
NADPH (with atRAL) | 0.74 ± 0.06 | 1020 ± 20 | ||||
RDH13 Purified80 | all-trans-retinol | ~ 3 | ~ 5 | |||
NADP+ | ~6000 | ~25 | ||||
all-trans-retinaldehyde | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 230 ± 24 | 72 | 8.2 | 2.6 | |
NADPH | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 230 ± 24 | ||||
RDH14 Sf9 MS79 | all-trans-retinol | 0.4 ± 0.07 | 31 ± 2 | 78 | ||
NADP+ | 0.65 ± 0.11 | |||||
all-trans-retinaldehyde | 0.08 ± 0.2 | 27 ± 1 | 338 | |||
NADPH | 0.32 ± 0.04 |
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Share and Cite
Belyaeva, O.V.; Adams, M.K.; Popov, K.M.; Kedishvili, N.Y. Generation of Retinaldehyde for Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010005
Belyaeva OV, Adams MK, Popov KM, Kedishvili NY. Generation of Retinaldehyde for Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis. Biomolecules. 2020; 10(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleBelyaeva, Olga V., Mark K. Adams, Kirill M. Popov, and Natalia Y. Kedishvili. 2020. "Generation of Retinaldehyde for Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis" Biomolecules 10, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010005