The State of the Art in Constraining Axion-to-Nucleon Coupling and Non-Newtonian Gravity from Laboratory Experiments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Yukawa-Type Correction to Newtonian Gravity and Constraints on It from the Casimir Effect
3. Constraints on the Coupling of Axions to Nucleons from the Casimir Effect
4. Constraints from Measuring the Casimir Force in Nanometer Separation Range and Other Laboratory Experiments
5. Proposed Experiments
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Kim, J.E. Light pseudoscalars, particle physics and cosmology. Phys. Rep. 1987, 150, 1–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dimopoulos, S.; Giudice, G.F. Macroscopic forces from supersymmetry. Phys. Lett. B 1996, 379, 105–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Fujii, Y. The theoretical background of the fifth force. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 1991, 6, 3505–3557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fischbach, E.; Talmadge, C.L. The Search for Non-Newtonian Gravity; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Weinberg, S. A New Light Boson? Phys. Rev. Lett. 1978, 40, 223–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wilczek, F. Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1978, 40, 279–283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kawasaki, M.; Nakayama, K. Axions: Theory and Cosmological Role. Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2013, 63, 69–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kuzmin, V.A.; Tkachev, I.I.; Shaposhnikov, M.E. Restrictions imposed on light scalar particles by measurements of van der Waals forces. JETP Lett. 1982, 36, 59–62. [Google Scholar]
- Mostepanenko, V.M.; Sokolov, I.Y. The Casimir effect leads to new restrictions on long-range force constants. Phys. Lett. A 1987, 125, 405–408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Antoniadis, I.; Arkani-Hamed, N.; Dimopoulos, S.; Dvali, G. New dimensions at a millimeter to a fermi and superstrings at a TeV. Phys. Lett. B 1998, 436, 257–263. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Arkani-Hamed, N.; Dimopoulos, S.; Dvali, G. Phenomenology, astrophysics, and cosmology of theories with millimeter dimensions and TeV scale quantum gravity. Phys. Rev. D 1999, 59, 086004. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Floratos, E.G.; Leontaris, G.K. Low scale unification, Newton’s law and extra dimensions. Phys. Lett. B 1999, 465, 95–100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kehagias, A.; Sfetsos, K. Deviations from 1/r2 Newton law due to extra dimensions. Phys. Lett. B 2000, 472, 39–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ferrer, F.; Nowakowski, M. Higg- and Goldstone-boson-mediated long range forces. Phys. Rev. D 1999, 59, 075009. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Adelberger, E.G.; Fischbach, E.; Krause, D.E.; Newman, R.D. Constraining the couplings of massive pseudoscalars using gravity and optical experiments. Phys. Rev. D 2003, 68, 062002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Aldaihan, S.; Krause, D.E.; Long, J.C.; Snow, W.M. Calculations of the dominant long-range, spin-independent contributions to the interaction energy between two nonrelativistic Dirac fermions from double-boson exchange of spin-0 and spin-1 bosons with spin-dependent couplings. Phys. Rev. D 2017, 95, 096005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bordag, M.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mohideen, U.; Mostepanenko, V.M. Advances in the Casimir Effect; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Smullin, S.J.; Geraci, A.A.; Weld, D.M.; Chiaverini, J.; Holmes, S.; Kapitulnik, A. Constraints on Yukawa-type deviations from Newtonian gravity at 20 microns. Phys. Rev. D 2005, 72, 122001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kapner, D.J.; Cook, T.S.; Adelberger, E.G.; Gundlach, J.H.; Heckel, B.R.; Hoyle, C.D.; Swanson, H.E. Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 021101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hoskins, J.K.; Newman, R.D.; Spero, R.; Schultz, J. Experimental tests of the gravitational inverse-square law for mass separations from 2 to 105 cm. Phys. Rev. D 1985, 32, 3084–3095. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smith, G.L.; Hoyle, C.D.; Gundlach, J.H.; Adelberger, E.G.; Heckel, B.R.; Swanson, H.E. Short-range tests of the equivalence principle. Phys. Rev. D 2000, 61, 022001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schlamminger, S.; Choi, K.-J.; Wagner, T.A.; Gundlach, J.H.; Adelberger, E.G. Test of the equivalence principle using a rotating torsion balance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 041101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Nesvizhevsky, V.V.; Pignol, G.; Protasov, K.V. Neutron scattering and extra short range interactions. Phys. Rev. D 2008, 77, 034020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kamiya, Y.; Itagami, K.; Tani, M.; Kim, G.N.; Komamiya, S. Constraints on New Gravitylike Forces in the Nanometer Range. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 114, 161101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Haddock, C.C.; Oi, N.; Hirota, K.; Ino, T.; Kitaguchi, M.; Matsumoto, S.; Mishima, K.; Shima, T.; Shimizu, H.M.; Snow, W.M.; et al. Search for deviations from the inverse square law of gravity at nm range using a pulsed neutron beam. Phys. Rev. D 2018, 97, 062002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chen, Y.J.; Tham, W.K.; Krause, D.E.; López, D.; Fischbach, E.; Decca, R.S. Stronger Limits on Hypothetical Yukawa Interactions in the 30–8000 Nm Range. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2016, 116, 221102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kim, J.E. Weak-Interaction Singlet and Strong CP Invariance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1979, 43, 103–107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shifman, M.A.; Vainstein, A.I.; Zakharov, V.I. Can confinement ensure natural CP invariance of strong interactions? Nucl. Phys. B 1980, 166, 493–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhitnitskii, A.P. On the possible suppression of axion-hadron interactions. Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 1980, 31, 260–263. [Google Scholar]
- Dine, M.; Fischler, F.; Srednicki, M. A simple solution to the strong CP problem with a harmless axion. Phys. Lett. B 1981, 104, 199–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosenberg, L.J.; van Bibber, K.A. Searches for invisible axions. Phys. Rep. 2000, 325, 1–39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Raffelt, G.G. Axions—Motivation, limits and searches. J. Phys. A Math. Theor. 2007, 40, 6607–6620. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ivastorza, I.G.; Redondo, J. New experimental approaches in the search for axion-like particles. Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys. 2018, 102, 89–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Raffelt, G. Limits on a CP-violating scalar axion-nucleon interaction. Phys. Rev. D 2012, 86, 015001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vasilakis, G.; Brown, J.M.; Kornak, T.R.; Romalis, M.V. Limits on New Long Range Nuclear Spin-Dependent Forces Set with a K-3He Comagnetometer. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 103, 261801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Adelberger, E.G.; Heckel, B.R.; Hoedl, S.; Hoyle, C.D.; Kapner, D.J.; Upadhye, A. Particle-Physics Implications of a Recent Test of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 131104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M. Improved constraints on the coupling constants of axion-like particles to nucleons from recent Casimir-less experiment. Eur. Phys. J. C 2015, 75, 164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ramsey, N.F. The tensor force between two protons at long range. Phys. A 1979, 96, 285–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ledbetter, M.P.; Romalis, M.V.; Jackson Kimball, D.F. Constraints on Short-Range Spin-Dependent Interactions from Scalar Spin-Spin Coupling in Deuterated Molecular Hydrogen. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 040402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Antoniadis, I.; Baessler, S.; Bücher, M.; Fedorov, V.V.; Hoedl, S.; Lambrecht, A.; Nesvizhevsky, V.V.; Pignol, G.; Protasov, K.V.; Reynaud, S.; et al. Short-range fundamental forces. Compt. Rend. 2011, 12, 755–778. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kardar, M.; Golestanian, R. The “friction” of vacuum, and other fluctuation-induced forces. Rev. Mod. Phys. 1999, 71, 1233–1245. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chen, F.; Mohideen, U.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M. Demonstration of the Lateral Casimir Force. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 88, 101801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Chen, F.; Mohideen, U.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the lateral Casimir force between corrugated surfaces. Phys. Rev. A 2002, 66, 032113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chiu, H.C.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Marachevsky, V.N.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Mohideen, U. Demonstration of the asymmetric lateral Casimir force between corrugated surfaces in the nonadditive regime. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 80, 121402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chiu, H.C.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Marachevsky, V.N.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Mohideen, U. Lateral Casimir force between sinusoidally corrugated surfaces: Asymmetric profiles, deviations from the proximity force approximation, and comparison with exact theory. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 81, 115417. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bezerra, V.B.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Romero, C. Advance and prospects in constraining the Yukawa-type corrections to Newtonian gravity from the Casimir effect. Phys. Rev. D 2010, 81, 055003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mostepanenko, V.M.; Novello, M. Constraints on non-Newtonian gravity from the Casimir force measurements between two crossed cylinders. Phys. Rev. D 2001, 63, 115003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ederth, T. Template-stripped gold surfaces with 0.4-nm rms roughness suitable for force measurements: Application to the Casimir force in the 20–100-nm range. Phys. Rev. A 2000, 62, 062104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mohideen, U.; Mostepanenko, V.M. The Casimir force between real materials: Experiment and theory. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2009, 81, 1827–1885. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Banishev, A.A.; Wagner, J.; Emig, T.; Zandi, R.; Mohideen, U. Demonstration of Angle-Dependent Casimir Force between Corrugations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 250403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Banishev, A.A.; Wagner, J.; Emig, T.; Zandi, R.; Mohideen, U. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the angular dependence of the Casimir force between sinusoidally corrugated surfaces. Phys. Rev. B 2014, 89, 235436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Fosco, C.D.; Lombardo, F.C.; Mazzitelli, F.D. Proximity force approximation for the Casimir energy as a derivative expansion. Phys. Rev. D 2011, 84, 105031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bimonte, G.; Emig, T.; Kardar, M. Material dependence of Casimir forces: Gradient expansion beyond proximity. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 100, 074110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mohideen, U.; Mostepanenko, V.M. Constraints on corrections to Newtonian gravity from two recent measurements of the Casimir interaction between metallic surfaces. Phys. Rev. D 2013, 87, 125031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mostepanenko, V.M. Progress in constraining axion and non-Newtonian gravity from the Casimir effect. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 2016, 31, 1641020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Decca, R.S.; López, D.; Fischbach, E.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Krause, D.E.; Mostepanenko, V.M. Tests of new physics from precise measurements of the Casimir pressure between two gold-coated plates. Phys. Rev. D 2007, 75, 077101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Decca, R.S.; López, D.; Fischbach, E.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Krause, D.E.; Mostepanenko, V.M. Novel constraints on light elementary particles and extra-dimensional physics from the Casimir effect. Eur. Phys. J. C 2007, 51, 963–975. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bimonte, G. Going beyond PFA: A precise formula for the sphere-plate Casimir force. Europhys. Lett. 2017, 118, 20002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hartmann, M.; Ingold, G.-L.; Maia Neto, P.A. Plasma versus Drude Modeling of the Casimir Force: Beyond the Proximity Force Approximation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2017, 119, 043901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mostepanenko, V.M.; Bezerra, V.B.; Decca, R.S.; Geyer, B.; Fischbach, E.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Krause, D.E.; López, D.; Romero, C. Present status of controversies regarding the thermal Casimir force. J. Phys. Math. Gen. 2006, 39, 6589–6600. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bimonte, G.; López, D.; Decca, R.S. Isoelectronic determination of the thermal Casimir force. Phys. Rev. B 2016, 93, 184434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mostepanenko, V.M.; Bezerra, V.B.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Romero, C. New constraints on the Yukawa-type interactions from the Casimir effect. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 2012, 27, 1260015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Decca, R.S.; López, D.; Chan, H.B.; Fischbach, E.; Krause, D.E.; Jamell, C.R. Constraining New Forces in the Casimir Regime Using the Isoelectronic Technique. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94, 240401. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, J.; Guan, S.; Chen, K.; Wu, W.; Tian, Z.; Luo, P.; Jin, A.; Yang, S.; Shao, C.; Luo, J. Test of non-Newtonian gravitational forces at micrometer range with two-dimensional force mapping. Phys. Rev. D 2016, 94, 122005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Masuda, M.; Sasaki, M. Limits on Nonstandard Forces in the Submicrometer Range. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 171101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bohr, A.; Mottelson, B.R. Nuclear Structure; Benjamin: New York, NY, USA, 1969; Volume 1. [Google Scholar]
- Bezerra, V.B.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Romero, C. Constraining axion coupling constants from measuring the Casimir interaction between polarized test bodies. Phys. Rev. D 2016, 94, 035011. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Drell, S.D.; Huang, K. Many-Body Forces and Nuclear Saturation. Phys. Rev. 1953, 91, 1527–1542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bezerra, V.B.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Romero, C. Constraining axion-nucleon coupling constants from measurements of effective Casimir pressure by means of micromachined oscillator. Eur. Phys. J. C 2014, 74, 2859. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bezerra, V.B.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Romero, C. Constraints on axion-nucleon coupling constants from measuring the Casimir force between corrugated surfaces. Phys. Rev. D 2014, 90, 055013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M. Constraints on axionlike particles and non-Newtonian gravity from measuring the difference of Casimir forces. Phys. Rev. D 2017, 95, 123013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bezerra, V.B.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Romero, C. Stronger constraints on an axion from measuring the Casimir interaction by means of a dynamic atomic force microscope. Phys. Rev. D 2014, 89, 075002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chang, C.C.; Banishev, A.A.; Castillo-Garza, R.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Mohideen, U. Gradient of the Casimir force between Au surfaces of a sphere and a plate measured using an atomic force microscope in a frequency-shift technique. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 85, 165443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bezerra, V.B.; Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Romero, C. Constraints on the parameters of an axion from measurements of the thermal Casimir-Polder force. Phys. Rev. D 2014, 89, 035010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Obrecht, J.M.; Wild, R.J.; Antezza, M.; Pitaevskii, L.P.; Stringari, S.; Cornell, E.A. Measurement of the Temperature Dependence of the Casimir-Polder Force. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 063201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Kuusk, P.; Mostepanenko, V.M. Constraints on non-Newtonian gravity and axionlike particles from measuring the Casimir force in nanometer separation range. Phys. Rev. D 2020, 101, 056013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sedighi, M.; Svetovoy, V.B.; Palasantzas, G. Casimir force measurements from silicon carbide surfaces. Phys. Rev. B 2016, 93, 085434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sedighi, M.; Svetovoy, V.B.; Broer, W.H.; Palasantzas, G. Casimir forces from conductive silicon carbide surfaces. Phys. Rev. B 2014, 89, 195440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Svetovoy, V.B.; van Zwol, P.J.; Palasantzas, G.; De Hosson, J.T.M. Optical properties of gold films and the Casimir force. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77, 035439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tan, W.-H.; Du, A.-B.; Dong, W.-C.; Yang, S.-Q.; Shao, C.-G.; Guan, S.-G.; Wang, Q.-L.; Zhan, B.-F.; Luo, P.-S.; Tu, L.-C.; et al. Improvement for Testing the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law at the Submillimeter Range. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2020, 124, 051301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klimchitskaya, G.L. Recent breakthrough and outlook in constraining the non-Newtonian gravity and axion-like particles from Casimir physics. Eur. Phys. J. C 2017, 77, 315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Almasi, A.; Brax, P.; Iannuzzi, D.; Sedmik, R.I.P. Force sensor for chameleon and Casimir force experiments with parallel-plate configuration. Phys. Rev. D 2015, 91, 102002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sedmik, R.; Brax, P. Status Report and first Light from Cannex: Casimir Force Measurements between flat parallel Plates. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2018, 1138, 012014. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Sedmik, R.I.P.; Abele, H. Prospects for Searching Thermal Effects, Non-Newtonian Gravity and Axion-Like Particles: CANNEX Test of the Quantum Vacuum. Symmetry 2019, 11, 407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Klimchitskaya, G.L.; Mostepanenko, V.M.; Sedmik, R.I.P. Casimir pressure between metallic plates out of thermal equilibrium: Proposed test for the relaxation properties of free electrons. Phys. Rev. A 2019, 100, 022511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bennett, R.; O’Dell, D.H.J. Revealing short-range non-Newtonian gravity through Casimir-Polder shielding. New J. Phys. 2019, 21, 033032. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borkowski, M.; Buchachenko, A.A.; Ciuryło, R.; Julienne, P.S.; Yamada, H.; Kikuchi, Y.; Takasu, Y.; Takahashi, Y. Weakly bound molecules as sensors of new gravitylike forces. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 14807. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Safronova, M.S.; Budker, D.; DeMille, D.; Jackson Kimball, D.F.; Derevianko, A.; Clark, C.W. Search for new physics with atoms and molecules. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2018, 90, 025008. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Liu, J.; Zhu, K.-D. Detecting large extra dimensions with optomechanical levitated sensors. Eur. Phys. J. C 2019, 79, 18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sedmik, R.I.P. Casimir and non-Newtonian force experiment (CANNEX): Review, status, and outlook. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 2020, 35, 2040008. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elder, B.; Vardanyan, V.; Arkami, Y.; Brax, P.; Davis, A.-C.; Decca, R.S. Classical symmetron force in Casimir experiments. Phys. Rev. D 2020, 101, 064065. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Mostepanenko, V.M.; Klimchitskaya, G.L. The State of the Art in Constraining Axion-to-Nucleon Coupling and Non-Newtonian Gravity from Laboratory Experiments. Universe 2020, 6, 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090147
Mostepanenko VM, Klimchitskaya GL. The State of the Art in Constraining Axion-to-Nucleon Coupling and Non-Newtonian Gravity from Laboratory Experiments. Universe. 2020; 6(9):147. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090147
Chicago/Turabian StyleMostepanenko, Vladimir M., and Galina L. Klimchitskaya. 2020. "The State of the Art in Constraining Axion-to-Nucleon Coupling and Non-Newtonian Gravity from Laboratory Experiments" Universe 6, no. 9: 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090147