Micropreconcentrator in LTCC Technology with Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Acetone in Healthy and Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient Breath
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Reference Gas and Breath Samples
2.1.1. Breath Measurements with Volunteers
2.1.2. Breath Measurements with Diabetes Patients
2.2. Apparatus
2.3. Experimental Methods and Conditions
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Detection of Acetone in Breath without Preconcentration
Subject number | Group | Sex a | Age | Years of diabetes | Breath Acetone (ppmv) | Blood glucose (mg/dl) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 b | Healthy volunteer | M | 43 | X | 0.49 | 91 |
0.56 | 111 | |||||
2 c | F | 30 | 0.57 | 86 | ||
0.47 | 132 | |||||
3 | M | 28 | 0.63 | 101 | ||
0.83 | 137 | |||||
4 | M | 41 | 0.74 | 74 | ||
0.81 | 123 | |||||
5 | F | 32 | 0.65 | 103 | ||
0.73 | 150 | |||||
6 | M | 28 | 0.48 | 86 | ||
0.69 | 146 | |||||
7 | F | 30 | 0.59 | 84 | ||
0.71 | 136 | |||||
8 | M | 27 | 0.63 | 102 | ||
0.72 | 145 | |||||
9 | F | 39 | 0.45 | 86 | ||
0.80 | 135 | |||||
10 | F | 26 | 0.48 | 90 | ||
0.79 | 140 | |||||
11 | M | 29 | 0.45 | 86 | ||
0.73 | 151 | |||||
12 | Patients with diabetes type I | F | 33 | 15 | 1.52 | 60 |
1.70 | 168 | |||||
13 | M | 23 | 2 | 1.62 | 70 | |
3.12 | 196 | |||||
14 | M | 22 | 2 | 1.80 | 100 | |
2.75 | 231 | |||||
15 d | F | 29 | 15 | 2.16 | 64 | |
1.30 | 170 | |||||
16 | M | 23 | 13 | 1.51 | 174 | |
3.12 | 367 | |||||
17 | F | 25 | 4 | 1.11 | 65 | |
1.79 | 372 | |||||
18 | F | 21 | 5 | 1.55 | 82 | |
3.09 | 324 | |||||
19 | F | 40 | 10 | 1.63 | 70 | |
2.70 | 350 | |||||
20 | F | 23 | 3 | 1.70 | 75 | |
1.85 | 127 | |||||
21 | M | 20 | 1 | 1.87 | 181 | |
3.12 | 270 | |||||
22 | M | 24 | 8 | 1.78 | 63 | |
1.87 | 165 | |||||
23 | F | 22 | 2 | 1.86 | 90 | |
2.41 | 451 | |||||
24 | F | 55 | 15 | 1.61 | 70 | |
2.98 | 257 | |||||
25 | M | 35 | 21 | 1.65 | 62 | |
3.09 | 389 |
3.2. Impact of Micropreconcentrator on Breath Acetone Detection
4. Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Rydosz, A. Micropreconcentrator in LTCC Technology with Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Acetone in Healthy and Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient Breath. Metabolites 2014, 4, 921-931. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo4040921
Rydosz A. Micropreconcentrator in LTCC Technology with Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Acetone in Healthy and Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient Breath. Metabolites. 2014; 4(4):921-931. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo4040921
Chicago/Turabian StyleRydosz, Artur. 2014. "Micropreconcentrator in LTCC Technology with Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Acetone in Healthy and Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient Breath" Metabolites 4, no. 4: 921-931. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo4040921