Correction: Khan et al. Plant Secondary Metabolites—Central Regulators Against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Metabolites 2025, 15, 276

The authors would like to make the following correction to their published paper [1]. The change is as follows: Reference [157] in the original publication is incorrectly cited and needs to be removed, along with the content associated with this reference in Table 1. The corrected

Table 1. List and role of secondary metabolites (SMs) in plants.

Name	Related Functions	Plant Specie	References
	Terpenes
Monoterpenes	Chemical products secreted by plants are important against insect toxicity	Chrysanthemum, cumin, pepper, mint, eucalyptus	[150]
Diterpenes	Act as epithelium irritants and toxins to insects and mammals	Codiaeum, Hura Phyllanthus	[151]
Triterpenes	Triterpenes have some self-protective effects against insects by altering their development	Higher plants Ferns and marine organisms	[152]
Polyterpenes	Offer defense as a process for infection repair and as resistance to pests	Bruce banner	[153]
	Phenolics
Phenolics flavonoids Coumarin Bioflavonoids Others	Flavanol content is significantly lower under the lower temperature treatment in pygmy smartweed	Polygonum minus Huds.	[154]
-	HT has little effect on seed phenolics, but reduces anthocyanins in the skin of grapes	Vitis vinifera L.	[155]
-	Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes increase in thyme in response to DS	Artemisia annua L.	[156]
-	Monosubstituted flavanols increase under UVB Flavanols are unaffected; supplemental UVB also increases tannins in some species	Tomato	[54]
	Nitrogen-containing SMs
Alkaloids Cyanogenic glycosides Non-Protein Amino Acid	Cause signaling molecule to trigger flavonoid biosynthesis under lower temperatures	Apple (Malus sp.)	[54]
-	Increased light may have negative consequences on SM production in sensitive plants. Longer photoperiod	Ocimum basilicum L.	[157]
-	Plants have more cyanogenic glycosides; variability also observed in alkaloids, which increases in the shade in evergreen tropical trees	Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf	[54]
-	Arabidopsis mutants lacking flavonoids; production mechanisms are hypersensitive to UVB radiation; flavonoid production is tolerant to typically lethal UVB levels	Arabidopsis thaliana	[158]
	Sulfur-containing SMs
Glutathione	GSH acts as a growth regulator and during stress it acts as an antioxidant, strengthening the defense system of the plants	Spinach Avocados Okara	[159]
Glucosinolate GLS	Plays a role in defense by poisoning herbivore insects during damage and as a feeding repellent	Mustar Allium allylcysd plant	[160]
Phytoalexins	This is a common defense mechanism against insect pests in numerous plants	Grapevine Vitis vinifera	[161]
Defensins, thionins, and lectins	Defensins, thionine, and lectins are stimulated by numerous stresses and show resistance against them	Circulatory white blood cells and tissue cells, wheat, corn, and tomato	[162]
	Stilbenes
Resveratrol and pterostilbene)	Increased stilbene accumulation, greater with UV-C compared to fungal inoculum, and shows resistance	Vitis vinifera cvs. Alphonse Lavallée, Dan Ben-Hanna	[163]
anthocyanins; flavonoids; hydroxycinnamic acids Napoleon	Increased stilbene accumulation, greater with UV-C compared to UV-B (3- and 2-fold, respectively), and shows resistance	V. vinifera cv. Sangiovese	[163]
Stilbenes	Downregulation of STS expression under both low and high temperatures, upregulation of STS expression in response to CuSO4, and shows resistance	V. vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon	[163]
Mono-glucosylated derivative resveratrol (trans- and cis-piceid and trans- and cis-resveratroloside)	Increase in trans-resveratrol endogenous accumulation and decreased release into the culture medium Glucosides show response to stress	V. vinifera cv. Barbera	[163]
	Curcuminoids
Curcumin	Physical and chemical defense against pathogens as well as other stresses	Curcuma longa. L.	[164]
Curcumin/bisdemethoxycurcumin	Volatile compound shows antibacterial mechanism against a wide distribution of Gram-positive bacteria,	Curcuma longa. L.	[165]
Demethoxycurcumin	which have antipathogenic action against fungi, bacteria, and other pathogen agents	Turmeric	[166]
	Chitinases
Maize chitinase 2 gene	Secondary metabolites considered as molecular targets of selection in plant–pathogen interactions.	Transgenic maize plant	[167]
Chitinase I gene	Inhibits phytopathogenic fungi A. solani, R. solani, F. spp., and V. dahliae	Hordeum vulgare cultivar, Haider-93	[96]
Rice class I chitinase gene (Rchit)	Resistance against late leaf spot, rust disease, and A. flavus infection	Oryza sativa (Rice)	[168]
Tobacco osmotin (ap24) and rice chitinase (chi 11) gene	Reduce sheath blight disease caused by R. solani	Nicotiana sp. (Tobacco) and Oryza sativa (Rice)	[169]
Rice chitinase-3 gene	Resistance against leaf spot in peanut by Cercospora arachidicola	Oryza sativa (Rice)	[170]
	Peroxidase
Glutathione peroxidase	Causes a reduction in the substrate to convert H2O2 hydroperoxides into water or oxygen, and shows resistance	Nicotiana sp. (Tobacco)	[96]
Horseradish peroxidase	Plants have adopted peroxidase systems to show resistance against numerous stresses	Armoracia rusticana	[171]
Cytochrome c peroxidase	These enzymes use peroxides as an electron acceptor for a reduction in oxidative damage due to stress in plants	Yeast	[172]
Myeloperoxidase	Includes plant immune responses to biotic stresses	Spinach	[173]

. List and role of secondary metabolites (SMs) in plants appears below:

157. Mukherjee, S.; Kutty, N.N.; Bera, P.; Mitra, A. Impact of light and sucrose supplementation on cellular differentiation, metabolic shift and modulation of gene expression in hairy roots of Daucus carota. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. (PCTOC) 2019, 136, 383–397.

The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.