Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics: Pilot Study of Using Metabolomics to Assess Diet and Metabolic Interventions in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Infusion Intervention
2.3. Metabolomics Preparation and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics and Plasma Data
3.2. Baseline Metabolomic Findings
3.3. Effect of Intervention on Metabolites
4. Discussion
4.1. The Ketone Body HBA
4.2. APOE and Metabolites
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Subjects | CN | CI | T Test (Chi2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 21 | 12 | 9 | |
# Female | 10 | 7 | 3 | p = 0.26 |
# E4 Pos | 8 | 4 | 4 | p = 0.6 |
Age | 67.7 ± 8.6 | 65.3 ± 8.1 | 70.9 ± 8.6 | p = 0.14 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 4.0 | 24.9 ± 3.6 | 26.8 ± 4.4 | p = 0.29 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 67.3 ± 19.1 | 70.9 ± 21.6 | 62.6 ± 14.8 | p = 0.33 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 116 ± 20.7 | 108.4 ± 18.8 | 126.1 ± 19.5 | p = 0.049 |
Triglyceride | 93.4 ± 33.2 | 97.8 ± 28.8 | 87.4 ± 39.5 | p = 0.49 |
Glucose | 90.4 ± 7.4 | 88.6 ± 6.7 | 92.8 ± 7.9 | p = 0.20 |
Metabolite | Scheme | TG | p Value | Pathway |
---|---|---|---|---|
HBA | 25.7 ± 17.6 | 45.6 ± 29.1 | 0.003 | TCA Cycle |
Saline HBA | TG HBA | Change HBA (TG Minus Saline) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.53 (0.013) | 0.35 (0.12) | 0.028 (0.9) |
Systolic BP | 0.12 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.46 (0.035) |
Fasting plasma glucose | 0.24 (0.28) | 0.54 (0.012) | 0.42 (0.056) |
Cog Dx | Fasting | TG | Change |
---|---|---|---|
CN (n = 12) | 27.7 ± 6.9 | 37.5 ± 9.2 | 9.8 ± 8.3 |
Cog (n = 9) | 25.8 ± 3 | 58.2 ± 7.4 | 32.4 ± 7.4 |
MCI (n = 6) | 23.9 ± 4.4 | 49 ± 4.2 | 25.1 ± 3.4 |
AD (n = 3) | 29.1 ± 2.8 | 74 ± 18 | 44.9 ± 20.3 |
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Hanson, A.J.; Banks, W.A.; Bettcher, L.F.; Pepin, R.; Raftery, D.; Navarro, S.L.; Craft, S. Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics: Pilot Study of Using Metabolomics to Assess Diet and Metabolic Interventions in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Metabolites 2023, 13, 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040569
Hanson AJ, Banks WA, Bettcher LF, Pepin R, Raftery D, Navarro SL, Craft S. Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics: Pilot Study of Using Metabolomics to Assess Diet and Metabolic Interventions in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Metabolites. 2023; 13(4):569. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040569
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanson, Angela J., William A. Banks, Lisa F. Bettcher, Robert Pepin, Daniel Raftery, Sandi L. Navarro, and Suzanne Craft. 2023. "Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics: Pilot Study of Using Metabolomics to Assess Diet and Metabolic Interventions in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment" Metabolites 13, no. 4: 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040569