Highly Efficient Biotransformation and Production of Selenium Nanoparticles and Polysaccharides Using Potential Probiotic Bacillus subtilis T5
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Supplies and Chemicals
2.2. High Selenite Tolerance Strain Isolation and Identification
2.2.1. Screening of Selenite-Tolerant Strains
2.2.2. Selenite Tolerance Strain Identification
2.3. The Growth Dynamics and Selenite Reduction Activity of the Strain T5
2.4. Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles by Strain T5
2.4.1. Scan Electron Microscopy
2.4.2. Preparation of SeNPs
2.5. Evaluate the Probiotic Properties and Safety Properties of Strain T5
2.5.1. Tolerance to the Low pH Condition
2.5.2. Bile Salts Tolerance
2.5.3. Cell Surface Hydrophobicity
2.5.4. Auto-Aggregation
2.5.5. Hemolytic Activity
2.6. Antioxidant Capacity of Strain T5
2.7. The α-Amylase Activity Produced by Strain T5
2.8. Production of Polysaccharides by Isolate T5
2.8.1. Extraction of Crude Polysaccharide
2.8.2. Determination of Se Content in the Polysaccharide
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Identification of Selenite-Reducing Strain
3.2. Selenite Biotransformation Assays
3.3. Characterization of SeNPs by B. subtilis T5
3.3.1. The DLS, Zeta Potential, and SEM Analyses Revealed the Shape and Stably of SeNPs
3.3.2. The UV-Vis and FTIR Spectrums of SeNPs
3.4. Probiotic Properties of B. subtilis T5
3.4.1. Tolerance to Low pH and Bile Salts
3.4.2. Hydrophobicity and Auto-Aggregation Properties
3.4.3. Hemolytic Activity
3.4.4. Antioxidant Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract of T5
3.5. Functional Activity of B. subtilis T5
3.5.1. α-Amylase Activity
3.5.2. Assessment of Crude Polysaccharides
3.6. Effects of Selenite on Functional Activity by B. subtilis T5
3.6.1. Effects of Selenite on α-Amylase Activity by B. subtilis T5
3.6.2. Assessment of the Selenium Polysaccharides in the Presence of 5 mM Selenite
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Probiotic Characteristics | Condition | Degree (%) |
---|---|---|
Survival tests: | ||
Different pH levels (for 4 h) | pH 2.5 pH 3.5 | 62.75 ± 1.22 70.63 ± 2.07 |
Different concentrations of bile salts (for 4 h) | 0.3% 0.6% | 51.12 ± 1.67 46.24 ± 2.58 |
Auto-aggregation | 1 h 4 h 24 h | 5.49 ± 0.57 13.59 ± 1.37 80.47 ± 0.83 |
Cell surface hydrophobicity | 0.5 h 1 h | 21.63 ± 3.44 37.99 ± 2.57 |
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Duan, Y.; Li, M.; Zhang, S.; Wang, Y.; Deng, J.; Wang, Q.; Yi, T.; Dong, X.; Cheng, S.; He, Y.; et al. Highly Efficient Biotransformation and Production of Selenium Nanoparticles and Polysaccharides Using Potential Probiotic Bacillus subtilis T5. Metabolites 2022, 12, 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121204
Duan Y, Li M, Zhang S, Wang Y, Deng J, Wang Q, Yi T, Dong X, Cheng S, He Y, et al. Highly Efficient Biotransformation and Production of Selenium Nanoparticles and Polysaccharides Using Potential Probiotic Bacillus subtilis T5. Metabolites. 2022; 12(12):1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121204
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuan, Yuhua, Mengjun Li, Sishang Zhang, Yidan Wang, Jieya Deng, Qin Wang, Tian Yi, Xingxing Dong, Shuiyuan Cheng, Yi He, and et al. 2022. "Highly Efficient Biotransformation and Production of Selenium Nanoparticles and Polysaccharides Using Potential Probiotic Bacillus subtilis T5" Metabolites 12, no. 12: 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121204