Discrimination of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Geographical Origin by Targeted and Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling with Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Comparison of Targeted and Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling Using GC–TOFMS
2.2. Geographical Discrimination of Adzuki Beans Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis with UV-Scaling
2.3. Geographical Discrimination of Adzuki Beans Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis with Pareto-Scaling
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Samples and Chemicals
4.2. Extraction and Analysis of Hydrophilic Compounds
4.3. Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling Data Processing
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Platform | Scaling | Model | R2X | R2Y | Q2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Targeted | UV | PCA | 0.421 | 0.182 | |
UV | OPLS–DA | 0.359 | 0.774 | 0.638 | |
Pareto | PCA | 0.634 | 0.133 | ||
Pareto | OPLS–DA | 0.595 | 0.668 | 0.579 | |
Non-targeted | UV | PCA | 0.328 | 0.130 | |
UV | OPLS–DA | 0.219 | 0.900 | 0.777 | |
Pareto | PCA | 0.491 | 0.167 | ||
Pareto | OPLS–DA | 0.374 | 0.869 | 0.812 |
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Kim, T.J.; Park, J.G.; Ahn, S.K.; Kim, K.W.; Choi, J.; Kim, H.Y.; Ha, S.-H.; Seo, W.D.; Kim, J.K. Discrimination of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Geographical Origin by Targeted and Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling with Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2020, 10, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030112
Kim TJ, Park JG, Ahn SK, Kim KW, Choi J, Kim HY, Ha S-H, Seo WD, Kim JK. Discrimination of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Geographical Origin by Targeted and Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling with Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites. 2020; 10(3):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030112
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Tae Jin, Jeong Gon Park, Soon Kil Ahn, Kil Won Kim, Jaehyuk Choi, Hyun Young Kim, Sun-Hwa Ha, Woo Duck Seo, and Jae Kwang Kim. 2020. "Discrimination of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Geographical Origin by Targeted and Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling with Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry" Metabolites 10, no. 3: 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030112