Energy-Efficient Products and Competitiveness in the Manufacturing Sector
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Design and Hypotheses
3.2. Data Collection and Sample
4. Results
Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
References
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Variable | Label | Min. | Mean | Max | SD | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sc1 | Idea management and collection | 1 | 4.478 | 7 | 1.853 | 1.921 |
sc2 | Differentiation from competitors | 1 | 5.512 | 7 | 1.604 | 3.489 |
sc3 | Trade-off analysis of energy-efficiency projects | 1 | 4.782 | 7 | 1.769 | 2.257 |
sc4 | Energy-efficiency servitization financial analysis | 1 | 4.744 | 7 | 1.832 | 2.074 |
sc5 | Pricing, placing, and value analysis | 1 | 4.945 | 7 | 1.735 | 2.311 |
sc6 | Energy-efficiency service characteristics | 1 | 4.901 | 7 | 1.637 | 2.325 |
sc7 | Client integration (feedback) into service design | 1 | 5.253 | 7 | 1.589 | 2.511 |
s1 | Implementation of SWOT analysis | 1 | 4.263 | 7 | 1.760 | 2.065 |
s2 | Industry analysis and research | 1 | 2.345 | 7 | 1.706 | 3.517 |
s3 | Implementation of PEST analysis | 1 | 5.406 | 7 | 1.622 | 2.771 |
s4 | Assessment of possible strategic alternatives | 1 | 3.713 | 7 | 1.752 | 2.133 |
s5 | Analysis of substitute products | 1 | 4.253 | 7 | 1.729 | 2.016 |
s6 | Competitive strategy and advantage | 1 | 4.034 | 7 | 1.759 | 2.082 |
s7 | Market trends analysis | 1 | 4.372 | 7 | 1.703 | 2.145 |
r1 | Regulation simple to understand and practical | 1 | 2.877 | 7 | 1.665 | 2.447 |
r2 | Analysis of possible market distortions | 1 | 2.532 | 7 | 1.602 | 3.120 |
r3 | Consistency with complementary rules or policies | 1 | 3.147 | 7 | 1.687 | 2.352 |
r4 | Forecasting of regulation goals and output | 1 | 2.700 | 7 | 1.503 | 3.475 |
r5 | Regulation fairly implemented | 1 | 3.932 | 7 | 1.610 | 2.145 |
r6 | Regulation compatible with competition | 1 | 2.106 | 7 | 1.332 | 3.320 |
r7 | Cost-efficiency analysis of regulation | 1 | 3.956 | 7 | 1.904 | 1.919 |
p1 | Positioning of products | 1 | 4.584 | 7 | 1.874 | 2.157 |
p2 | Quality of offered products | 1 | 5.003 | 7 | 1.525 | 2.350 |
p3 | Product delivery operations | 1 | 4.532 | 7 | 1.635 | 2.336 |
p4 | Strengthened market share | 1 | 4.553 | 7 | 1.569 | 2.429 |
p5 | Client feedback | 1 | 5.150 | 7 | 1.576 | 2.624 |
p6 | Product attractiveness | 1 | 4.717 | 7 | 1.604 | 2.520 |
p7 | Industry knowledge | 1 | 4.512 | 7 | 1.772 | 2.290 |
NACE | Freq. | % | NACE Rev. 2 Code |
---|---|---|---|
26 | 21 | 7.17 | Manufacture of computer, electronic, and optical products |
27 | 91 | 31.06 | Manufacture of electrical equipment |
28 | 154 | 52.57 | Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. |
35 | 22 | 7.51 | Manufacture and supply: electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning |
other | 5 | 1.71 | Construction of utility projects |
Construct | Items | Cronbach’s Alpha | RMSEA | CFI | SRMR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC | sc1, sc2, sc3, sc4, sc5, sc6, sc7 | 0.858 | 0.102 | 0.945 | 0.044 |
R | r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7 | 0.756 | 0.061 | 0.974 | 0.046 |
S | s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7 | 0.610 | 0.125 | 0.807 | 0.090 |
P | p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7 | 0.840 | 0.064 | 0.974 | 0.034 |
Coefficients | Std. Err. | Z | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | SC | |||
S | 0.693 *** | 0.045 | 15.250 | |
P | ||||
SC | 0.277 *** | 0.086 | 3.210 | |
S | 0.528 *** | 0.084 | 6.260 | |
Model 2 | SC | |||
R | 0.250 *** | 0.063 | 3.950 | |
P | ||||
SC | 0.607 *** | 0.049 | 12.420 | |
R | 0.135 ** | 0.058 | 2.310 |
RMSEA | AIC | BIC | CFI | TLI | SRMR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | 0.069 | 22,130.24 | 22,373.13 | 0.879 | 0.864 | 0.067 |
Model 2 | 0.048 | 21,695.47 | 21,938.36 | 0.942 | 0.935 | 0.076 |
Effects | Coef. | Std. Err. | Z | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Direct | SC | |||
S | 1.125 *** | 0.169 | 6.64 | ||
P | |||||
SC | 0.261 *** | 0.085 | 3.07 | ||
S | 0.807 *** | 0.169 | 4.77 | ||
Indirect | P | ||||
S | 0.293 *** | 0.102 | 2.86 | ||
Total | SC | ||||
S | 1.125 *** | 0.169 | 6.64 | ||
P | |||||
SC | 0.260 *** | 0.085 | 3.07 | ||
S | 1.100 *** | 0.174 | 6.33 | ||
Model 2 | Direct | SC | |||
R | 0.246 *** | 0.067 | 3.69 | ||
P | |||||
SC | 0.571 *** | 0.073 | 7.76 | ||
R | 0.125 ** | 0.055 | 2.27 | ||
Indirect | P | ||||
R | 0.140 *** | 0.040 | 3.47 | ||
Total | SC | ||||
R | 0.246 *** | 0.067 | 3.69 | ||
P | |||||
SC | 0.571 *** | 0.073 | 7.76 | ||
R | 0.266 *** | 0.064 | 4.13 |
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Di Foggia, G. Energy-Efficient Products and Competitiveness in the Manufacturing Sector. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010033
Di Foggia G. Energy-Efficient Products and Competitiveness in the Manufacturing Sector. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7(1):33. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010033
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Foggia, Giacomo. 2021. "Energy-Efficient Products and Competitiveness in the Manufacturing Sector" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1: 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010033
APA StyleDi Foggia, G. (2021). Energy-Efficient Products and Competitiveness in the Manufacturing Sector. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010033