Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040219
Authors: Wahyudi Sutopo Dana Prianjani Fakhrina Fahma Eko Pujiyanto Amran Rasli Tan Owee Kowang
This research aims to achieve early standardization for battery swapping in line with domestic capabilities and global standards, and to protect Indonesian battery swap stakeholders. By distributing questionnaires to 190 respondents, the Framework for Analysis, Comparison, and Testing of Standards (FACTS) approach was used to analyze stakeholder needs, compare global standards regarding battery swaps, and validate the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) framework. An open innovation approach was considered to integrate a FACTS approach with open participation, mutual understanding, and consensus to generate parameters. Therefore, characteristics of open participation, mutual understanding, and consensus were identified using FACTS to catalyze market needs as well as stakeholder needs. The relationship between SNI implementation variables, national uniqueness, and stakeholder needs was predicted using structural equation modeling (SEM). We found that the proposed constructs—i.e., electromagnetic compatibility, equipment construction requirements, marking and instruction, and protection against electric shock—positively affect SNI implementation. Meanwhile, the SNI implementation, national uniqueness, and stakeholder protection positively affect SNI acceptance. Therefore, SNI acceptance can be obtained by considering SNI implementation, national uniqueness, and stakeholder protection. The findings of this study can be used to develop an SNI battery swap test that is globally competitive, has national characteristics, and considers domestic capabilities when developing the SNI documentation.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040218
Authors: Ahmad Adnan Al-Tit Sura Al-Ayed Abdulaziz Alhammadi Mohammad Hunitie Aktham Alsarayreh Wijdan Albassam
There is a shortage of research investigating the link between employee development practices and intellectual capital as mediated by knowledge management. The aim of the current research was to consider the influence of employee development practices on intellectual capital through knowledge management. Data were collected through an instrument distributed to a sample of 464 employees working at information and communications technology companies. The results indicate that employee development practices had significant effects on human capital, knowledge management, and social capital. The results reveal that knowledge management had a significant effect on human capital but not on social capital. Finally, the results show that knowledge management significantly mediated the impact of employee development practices on human capital. Additionally, implications for intellectual capital development, organizational strategy, and academic research are discussed.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040217
Authors: Sanjay Mathrani Sara Diaa Eldin Ibrahim
Cultural inclusion generates a positive impact by socially increasing pride for individuals or economically increasing a country’s global capital. Currently, in New Zealand (NZ), not many strategies exist that ensure inclusion of culture in new products introduced locally and globally. Further, cultural inclusion in products appears highly represented in the tourist markets, but not so much in the domestic markets. This paper examines the current NZ strategies for cultural inclusion in product development of different sized companies that supply locally and globally through three case studies and compares the findings with theoretical models used in other regions. Findings elaborate that NZ lacks in documented standardized strategies when it comes to cultural inclusion. A positive impact of having such a strategy is perceived by participating companies with a culture for open innovation to ensure they are following a process approach that can help include cultural aspects appropriately. Creating a unique position for the brand globally, increasing global capital and deeper connectivity, and increasing the understanding of culture were some key benefits identified. However, a few steps in the new product development process were found largely lacking in NZ firms, such as communication with cultural representatives and leaders. A cultural inclusion model is developed based on the study findings to include an open innovation culture that can help NZ companies be more inclusive in their design and establish a unique NZ market for generating positive impacts.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040216
Authors: Asma Rezaei Ali Reza Kamali
Silicon Fen (SF) is a cluster of high-tech firms located around the University of Cambridge (UoC) in the UK. This article, for the first time, investigates the technological bonds between SF firms and UoC based on patent analysis covering the period of 1999–2021. We provide a short history of SF, highlighting its early formation and growth, and the role of spin-off firms on its evolution. We employ joint patents generated by UoC and various business sectors of SF to calculate the values of technological collaboration strength (TCS). It is found that the majority of joint patents (61%) are generated by the Pharma/Biotech sector of SF with the highest value of TCS (16.45 × 10−3). Moreover, the patent’s economic values across various business disciplines in SF are calculated based on the total counts of citations. Our observations suggest that senior university academics making spin-off firms in a business cluster around their university can effectively facilitate university–firm technological collaboration. Furthermore, the relatively strong technological bond between UoC and the Pharma/Biotech sector of SF is confirmed to be influenced by the collaboration of the university with its own spin-off firms rather than large independent firms in SF. The outcomes of this research contribute to the knowledge of the collaboration between a main research university and a cluster of firms located in its geographical proximity.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040215
Authors: Anne Charina Ganjar Kurnia Asep Mulyana Kosuke Mizuno
COVID-19 severely impacted small industries in Indonesia and many collapsed. Sustainable education is essential to help small industries recover post-pandemic through an open innovation design program to improve small industries’ economic, social, and environmental performance. This paper examined the impacts of the sustainable education program implemented and explored open innovations suitable for the sustainability of small industries in developing countries, such as Indonesia, after the pandemic. This research employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach involving academics, government, the community, and four small industries in West Java, Indonesia. Our findings reveal that the sustainable education program through learning activities and direct practice provides valuable knowledge and experience for small industries in designing economic, social, and environmental innovations. Open innovations post-pandemic suitable for small industries in Indonesia include simple business digitalization for company economic growth, the recruitment of people losing their jobs due to the pandemic to achieve social benefits, and innovations in using environmentally friendly packaging and charcoal briquette fuel as an environmental awareness effort. This study recommends that the open innovation designed for small industries be right on target and done using a participatory method to achieve sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040214
Authors: Jaber Aljalahma John Slof
Business accelerators have emerged as an important innovation intermediary, with their primary role identified as stimulating premature startups through mentorship and training programs. However, despite significant improvement and 17 years of working history, there are still gaps in working behavior, business accelerator forms, organizational structure, operations, and outcomes. This systematic review aims to boost the understanding of seed accelerators in innovation and entrepreneurial activities. The Context, Intervention, Mechanism, and Outcome (CIMO) framework was used to collect data from the 53 articles published in the last 17 years. In this current systematic review of applying a CIMO analysis to business accelerators, we retrieved 53 articles for further detailed studies, out of which 21 articles were assessed for the risk of bias analysis. The current review highlights that by providing learning opportunities, idea validation, increased access to growth, and innovation, startup accelerators achieved their goals. Moreover, the study also identified gaps in the literature and opportunities for cohort-based, short-term mentorship programs. The outcomes of the present study will provide suggestions for policymakers, entrepreneurs, managers, and investors.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040213
Authors: Mahfuzur Rahman Izlin Ismail Shamshul Bahri Muhammad Khalilur Rahman
This paper examines the antecedents of cashless payment systems among businesses in Malaysia. The adoption of cashless payment systems by businesses has the potential to reduce the costs related to handling huge amounts of cash in the market and enhance transaction speed. Unfortunately, its current adoption in Malaysia is still small and very little is known about the factors. A seven-factor model based on the TOE framework was developed and tested. The partial least square (PLS) statistical approach was employed to analyze data collected from 200 business entities in Malaysia. The results reveal that compatibility and technology competence have higher significant relationships with the adoption of cashless payment systems. Management support, firm critical mass, competitive pressure, and information intensity are significantly related to the adoption of cashless payment systems, while firm size is not associated with it. The findings of this study provide significant practical implications for Malaysian stakeholders and technology vendors to recognize factors that affect a firm’s adoption of cashless payment systems to support business transactions. By investigating the phenomenon through the TOE framework, this study presents an integrated model of cashless payment systems by businesses. Our findings also offer guidance for future application of the PLS method in cashless payment and related research. The paper provides a more holistic understanding of the factors influencing cashless payment systems among businesses.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040212
Authors: Pradeep Paraman Sanmugam Annamalah Peter Vlachos Selim Ahmed Arunnan Balasubramaniam Baharudin Kadir Murali Raman Wong Chee Hoo
The impulsive live streaming consumption intentions of the Southeast Asian market are examined in this study. Online live streaming transactions, a new form of social media, are becoming popular due to their real-time communication and innovative business concept. Though little attention has been dedicated to it, a theoretical knowledge of Live Streaming Transaction (LST) is crucial given its broad application and unique features. The analysis of 8613 respondents from Southeast Asia in this study, based on flow, temperament, and personality theories, offers fresh perspectives on the mediating role of flow and the moderating effect of temperament in a cross-national setting. Cluster sampling was used to construct a mixed-method conditional indirect effects model. Since introverted temperament types look for voices that echo within them, our findings revealed that LSTs are more intriguing to this market segment. Theoretical and practical elements, as well as implications for future directions, are presented.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040211
Authors: Rui Miguel Dantas Aamar Ilyas José Moleiro Martins João Xavier Rita
The purpose of this research paper is to explore the antecedents and consequences of circular entrepreneurship in emerging markets. The consequences of circular entrepreneurship will be explored through the lens of three dimensions of sustainability: social, economic, and environmental. This study used a multi-case approach, which is frequently applied in circular business literature. The study used convenient and purposeful sampling techniques to identify circular entrepreneurs starting a business by recognizing opportunities in CE. We interviewed the 15 entrepreneurs (all participants engage in plastic circular entrepreneurship) with more than 8 years of experience. We employed a semi-structured interview method because respondents explored important information during the interview. Atlas.ti, a prominent qualitative software package, was used for analysis. This study portrays the antecedents and consequences of circular entrepreneurship identified when circular entrepreneurs take the initiative to serve low-income customers. This study points out that circular entrepreneurs can be motivated both intrinsically and extrinsically. The consequences of circular entrepreneurship show how such enterprises impact on society, sustainability, and the economy. The study points out that circular entrepreneurship can have both positive and negative impacts on the environment. By investigating the determinants and consequences of circular entrepreneurship in emerging markets, the authors make a significant contribution to the field of circular economy and entrepreneurship. We have limited logistics and resources, thus we did not collect data from stakeholders, who might provide a richer picture and insights into how circular products affect their lifestyle. Policymakers can get a better understanding of such enterprises from the findings of this study. They should reassess policies regarding circular entrepreneurship and suggest ways to promote open innovation within circular entrepreneurship. Circular enterprises serve low-income customers by offering an affordable product with attractive features. The government should develop an open innovation action-packed forum to find, design, and create prototypes, as well as introduce more comprehensive sustainable solutions for wastable plastic products.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040210
Authors: Joana Costa António Carrizo Moreira
Open innovation (OI) has been implemented to develop competitive advantages based on the management of innovation with external players. As such, it is expected that the generalized adoption of OI practices needs to be nurtured by governmental public policies in order to enhance OI-based ecosystems. The role of open innovation ecosystems is known by the importance of multiple synergies among players/stakeholders, which are expected to be supported by regulations and funding to consolidate firms’ innovation results. This paper analyzes the role of regulations and funding on firms’ innovation performance using the double-hurdle estimation procedure. The results show that, in the first tier, inbound knowledge flows positively affect performance, and, in the second tier, public funds further reinforce innovation performance and fiscal and security regulations. In contrast, as regulations are perceived as barriers, they fail to impact innovation performance. With this paper, we manage to shed light on the importance of public policy funds in the support of thriving OI-based ecosystems as enhancers of firms’ innovation performance.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040209
Authors: Thirdchai Sattayapanich Piyapong Janmaimool Jaruwan Chontanawat
Community participation in an environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) project can help business enterprises effectively develop projects that respond to the actual demands of the community and effectively utilize a firm’s resources. This study aims to investigate factors that affect community participation in each stage of environmental corporate social responsibility project development. The environmental corporate social responsibility project explored in this study is a sustainable mangrove forest management project in the Pakprasae sub-district of Rayong province in Thailand. This study has tested whether enterprise-related factors (such as perceived CSR credibility and organization–public relationship (OPR) quality) and participant-related factors (such as ecological knowledge, perceived ecological values, and expected benefits from participation in the project, both monetary and non-monetary related benefits) could predict community participation in an environmental corporate social responsibility project development initiated by a business enterprise. Questionnaire surveys were administered to 355 community members who were the target group of this environmental corporate social responsibility project from June to July 2022. The collected data were inspected and analyzed using an inferential statistical technique. Multiple regression analyses were performed to test significant factors that affected community members’ participation in planning, implementing, and monitoring the project. The results revealed that perceived ecological values were the strongest predictor of participation in all stages of the project, including planning, implementing, and monitoring the project. Perceived CSR credibility and OPR quality also significantly affected participation in all stages, whereas ecological knowledge significantly affected participation only in the monitoring stage. These findings suggest that to promote community participation in each stage of environmental corporate social responsibility project development, it is important to enhance community members’ perceived ecological values, and community members should be educated in ecology to enhance participation in the monitoring stage.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040208
Authors: Deni Pandu Nugraha Budi Setiawan Robert Jeyakumar Nathan Maria Fekete-Farkas
The rapid evolution of technology and a large number of smartphone users are transforming the way the masses access financial services. Fintech companies consistently innovate in developing customized products and services for users and SMEs to increase financial access and inclusiveness to achieve the Indonesian national financial inclusion target of 90 percent by 2024. Access to digital financial products via Fintech contributes to greater financial inclusion for SMEs, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, which restricted economic activities. Using an extended TAM model, this study explores the driving factors of Fintech adoption for Indonesian SMEs during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data analysis of 415 respondents was conducted utilizing Smart-PLS 3.0 software. The findings confirm perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, government support, trust, and user innovativeness to have a direct positive effect on the intention of SMEs to adopt Fintech. The result also reveals that financial literacy indirectly correlates with Fintech adoption mediated by user innovativeness. This indicates that Fintech could contribute to bridging financial inclusion where SMEs with lower financial literacy can utilize financial products and services via Fintech. This is a positive contribution of Fintech for SMEs in developing economies. The present study suggests that policymakers could foster the expansion of Fintech business infrastructure to improve access to SME financial services.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040207
Authors: Igor Ilin Anastasia Levina Konstantin Frolov Alexandra Borremans Alyona Ershova Andrea Tick Mariia Averina
The active digitalization of the healthcare system has given impetus to the emergence of a new type of enterprise—high-tech medical organizations (HMO). Their main distinguishing feature is the use of innovative high-tech medical equipment. However, the high cost of this equipment has become a factor slowing down the development of such organizations. This paper considers the life-cycle contract (LCC) as a special form of interaction between stakeholders and investments throughout the life cycles of equipment. Moreover, to provide technological support, continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS) technologies, which are based on the same principles of working with the life cycle as LCC, are proposed. This question turned out to be a significant research gap, which was not sufficiently reflected in the available world studies. Thus, the aim of the current study is to describe the features of the use of LCC for HMO using CALS technologies and the impact of the life cycle of high-tech medical equipment on LCC, as well as to present the innovative component of the proposed model. Based on the analysis of the literature and the best world practices, the authors propose a visualization of the interaction of all stakeholders within the LCC for HMO. Such a decision is extremely relevant for developing organizations, public authorities and investors around the world.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040206
Authors: Anjar Priyono Anas Hidayat
The purpose of this study is to analyze how dynamic capabilities are integrated into open innovation to support firms pursuing innovation. Dynamic capabilities enable firms to adjust to emerging changes through redesigning resource configuration. Nevertheless, how dynamic capabilities are integrated into open innovation for obtaining external knowledge and resources has not been observed in previous studies. Utilizing seven small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with various degrees of knowledge and technology intensity as subjects, this qualitative study identified a typology of pathways for integrating dynamic capabilities into open innovation. This study found that firms’ internal resources coupled with complementary assets obtained from open innovation determine what strategies to deploy and what capabilities are needed to execute the strategies. The fit among firms’ resources, strategies, capabilities and emerging business environment is not serendipitous, but rather it must be designed and supported by collective efforts from participants across organizations. In other words, the nature of knowledge and degree of technology adoption determine how sensing, seizing and performing are applied in each phase of open innovation. The main drawback of qualitative study is that it cannot cover a large number of subjects, although it can scrutinize an abundant number of detailed data. Future research can analyze the findings of this study using a survey method covering a large number of firms from various industries so that generalizability can be assured.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040205
Authors: Jorge de Andrés-Sánchez Francisco Musiello-Neto Orlando Lima Rua Mario Arias-Oliva
This study analyzes the effects of inbound and outbound open innovation, along with organizational strategy and corporate risk management, on competitive advantage and disadvantage in the Portuguese hospitality sector’s cost, service, and product. We use a quantitative approach based on fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of survey data from 251 executive directors of hotels from Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results allow visualization of the interactions of inbound and outbound open innovation with corporate risk management and organizational strategy in order to generate competitive advantage. The results demonstrate that corporate risk management is a keystone for a competitive cost advantage, whereas inbound open innovation plays a fundamental role in obtaining competitive advantages for products and services. Other factors, such as outbound open innovation or those linked with organizational strategy, have less impact, and/or the sign of their influence depends on the configuration of the remaining variables.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040204
Authors: Daeyu Kim Seunghoo Jin
Ever-increasing unpredictability has led to recognition of increasing importance of innovation capabilities of businesses. In spite of recognizing such an important issue of innovation capability, not much research has been conducted on the relationship between innovation capabilities in business planning, R&D, commercialization and innovation performance. The current research, thus, intends to provide an empirical analysis of the effect of smart farm companies’ innovation activities on their innovation performance. Classifying innovation capabilities into three categories of planning, R&D and commercialization capability, the current research aims to identify the effect of each category on sales and patent acquired. Moreover, it aims to identify the moderating effect of governmental policy and support for technology on the relationship between innovation activities and performance. It was found that planning, R&D and commercialization capabilities exerted a positive impact on business performance. It was also found that governmental policies and support helped enhance business performance.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040203
Authors: Dandan He Zheng Liu Qingqing Yang Lei Ma
The combination of non-fungible token (NFT) with paintings, music, games, videos and other forms of creative content is an innovation to protect the copyright of authors. It digitizes physical works with unique labels. At present, the NFT industry is blooming in the area of digital collections in China, attracting increasingly more artists, art collectors and platform enterprises to interact. However, the NFT digital collection platform is facing challenges and growth limitations. This study adopts the theory framework of responsible innovation. Through semi-structured interview and secondary document review, it analyzes the positive and negative effects of China’s NFT digital collections alongside technological, economical, ethical and social dimensions. The paper proposes four development paths to achieve responsible innovation of this emerging new business. Further discussion links NFT with open innovation dynamics, alongside areas for future research.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040202
Authors: Razan Alkhazaleh Konstantinos Mykoniatis Ali Alahmer
Modern innovative models have the possibility of transferring research and development (R&D) output through technology transfer from scientific and research institutions or other enterprises. The complex process of technology transfer is significantly dependent on cooperation among academia, industry, and governments (I4.0) in response to the technological developments driven together through Industry 4.0. As a result, numerous technology transfer factors must be addressed for I4.0 to become a reality. However, the abundance of literature on I4.0 and associated technologies, the key ingredients, and insights for effectively executing I4.0 technology transfer are fairly limited. This study focuses on the success factors of technology transfer for I4.0. The framework is based on systematic literature to outline significant results and factors. Furthermore, this study summarizes, analysis, and criticizes the actual models and their influential variables for I4.0 technology transfer. One of the findings of this study is the significance of cooperation between technology recipients, agents, and inventors for I4.0 technology transfer. Another impressive finding is the significance of the ecosystem component in technology transfer. Combining I4.0 technologies and open innovation is a game-changer, enabling businesses to significantly save time and cost. This article will assist decision-makers in developing policies and strategies to improve the I4.0 technology transfer process. Furthermore, this involves identifying the kind of government assistance that will help accelerate the transition to I4.0 via technology transfer.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040201
Authors: Jane E. Workman Seung-Hee Lee
This study’s purposes were to examine how selected demographic variables affect frequency of use of precautionary measures when shopping for clothing in retail stores; and how uncertainty avoidance/ambiguity intolerance and fashion innovativeness affect (a) precautionary measures used when shopping in retail stores during a pandemic and (b) compensatory consumption. Participants (122 US men; 209 US women aged 20 to 64) completed an online questionnaire containing demographic items plus measures of uncertainty avoidance/ambiguity intolerance, compensatory consumption, precautionary measures, and fashion innovativeness. Data analysis included reliability, factor analysis, M/ANOVA and SNK. Older adults, adults with higher education, and married adults more frequently used precautionary measures when shopping in retail stores. Men and women reported similar frequency of use. Fashion innovators and consumers with less tolerance for uncertainty/ambiguity more frequently used precautionary measures. Fashion innovators and consumers higher in uncertainty avoidance/ambiguity intolerance engaged in more compensatory consumption. Generalization of the results is limited because the data are context-specific: country (US), time period (during a pandemic), and sample. Guidelines for the general public regarding precautionary measures came from within organizations, between organizations and experts but the general public was not consulted (public open innovation) perhaps hindering compliance with precautionary measures.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040200
Authors: Tran Hung Nguyen Xuan Cu Le Thi Hai Ly Vu
Digital transformation has profoundly influenced various socio-economic fields and induced retailing firms to utilize digital innovations to maximize business effectiveness in the digital era. The study aims to pinpoint the motivations for online retailing (ORE) adoption and business performance among Vietnamese businesses in the formative digital transformation stage within an extended technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. The questionnaire-based data are accumulated for this study. Firm respondents are those who have used and increased their familiarity with ORE in Vietnam. All analysis is performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results posit that important factors of technological context (i.e., relative advantage, compatibility, and observability), organizational context (i.e., top management support, entrepreneurial orientation, and technological orientation), and the environmental context (i.e., perceived trend, government support, and legal framework) substantially boost ORE adoption. Additionally, firm age is an essential control variable that strongly influences firms’ engagement in ORE. Unexpectedly, firm size, competitive pressure, and control variable (i.e., number of employees) do not significantly affect ORE adoption. Besides, ORE adoption serves as an underlying motivation for business performance. Ultimately, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040199
Authors: Quang-Huy Ngo
Recently, the Vietnamese government established an ambitious plan that strongly promotes the development of the logistic industry. However, there is an environmental concern regarding this development. In addition, adopting environmental management practices may reduce the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, this study draws upon the natural resource-based and ambidextrous views of green innovation to examine the impact of green market orientation on performance. Particularly, this study proposes that adopting green market orientation permits logistic small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to improve exploitational and exploratory green innovation and, as such, results in the implications of organizational performance based on the balanced scorecard approach. Data were collected from 338 SMEs operating in the logistics industry. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to assess the data. The results indicate that the adoption of GMO permits these SMEs to indirectly improve their operational performance through exploitational and exploratory green innovation. These results provide practical implications for managers of logistic SMEs in Vietnam. In addition, this study also contributes to the literature by addressing the gaps in the existing literature.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040198
Authors: Mohammad Daradkeh
This study aims to examine and compare the mechanisms through which social learning processes influence the knowledge contribution behavior of lurkers and contributors in open innovation communities (OICs). Based on social learning theory and stimulus–organism–response (SOR) framework, this study developed a model of knowledge contribution formation mechanism from environmental stimuli (observational learning, reinforcement learning), organism cognition (self-efficacy, outcome expectancy) to behavioral response (initial contribution, continuous contribution). The model was tested using structural equation modeling based on a dataset collected through a questionnaire from an OIC of business intelligence and analytics software. The empirical results showed that, at the initial participation stage, observational learning had a significant effect on the organism’s cognition of the lurkers, and indirectly influenced the initial knowledge contribution behavior through self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. At the continuous participation stage, observational learning had a significantly lower impact on the organism’s cognition of contributors and only indirectly influenced continuous knowledge contribution behavior through outcome expectancy. In contrast, reinforcement learning influenced the organism’s cognition of contributors and partially influenced their continuous knowledge contribution behavior through the mediating effects of self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. However, self-efficacy had a more pronounced effect on contributors’ continuous knowledge contribution behavior than outcome expectancy. These findings provide practical guidance for the management of OICs to reduce knowledge contributor attrition and induce lurkers to evolve into knowledge contributors for sustainable community development.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040197
Authors: Jacqueline D. Ifield Chia-Han Yang
The structure of multilateral financial partnerships has many relationship challenges, which need to be solved to positively impact sustainable human development. There is a lack of understanding in the development relationship between the so-called developed and developing countries, and development economics theories and research, which guide policies, knowledge, and funding to nations in need. Amid widespread pleas for change to the structure, Belize is a country, which remains in an economic development crisis 41 years after joining the World Bank Group. This original paper, uniquely positions “World Bank” as a brand, and adds to missing empirical research on Belize and development economics with a mixed-methods, brand relationship approach. The researchers perform a survey of 20 years of Belize government personnel dialogues about the Bank, and apply Fournier’s (1998) brand relationship theories as tools to measure their perceptions of the Bank as well as get a deeper understanding of the relationship. This investigative research finds that Belize perceives it has an “arranged marriage” type brand relationship with the Bank: it is not a sustainable development partner. This brand relationship also negatively affects the way government personnel see themselves and their abilities. The World Bank Group must innovate its development economics methods and practices, assert its social mission, and meet the development needs of its members by first building genuine brand bonds with them. Debtor member countries must re-define their worth, join together, and design their own paths to sustainable development. All countries are developing.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040196
Authors: Weerapat Pookkaman Taweesak Samanchuen
Cannabis is increasingly accepted by medical organizations for medicinal and research purposes. A traceability system is required for monitoring and controlling the use of cannabis. This work aimed to investigate the relationship between critical success factors (CSFs) for creating the innovation framework that affects the implementation of the cannabis traceability system. These factors are identified based on the digital supply chain by structural modeling. Additionally, the issue of patients’ safety is a crucial factor that needs to be considered. Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) and fuzzy MICMAC analysis techniques were applied to investigate the relationship between CSFs. Finally, the 14 CSFs affecting cannabis traceability systems were determined. The research results discovered that system reliability is the most significant key factor with the greatest influence and contribution to the achievement. The five CSFs based on TISM comprise harmonized strategic orientation, inter-organization collaboration, standardization, government regulations, and customer awareness. According to the conclusive dependence–driving power diagram, they have the most driving power in the implementation and operation traceability system. The innovation framework helps to establish the traceability system in a way that works well. This will build trust in the supply chain and prevent abuse and substandard products.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040195
Authors: Aleksandra Kuzior Tetiana Vasylieva Olha Kuzmenko Vitaliia Koibichuk Paulina Brożek
The article substantiates the existence of convergence processes in the field of digitization of countries, taking into account the number of Internet users; people with advanced skills; and indicators of infrastructure (network coverage, population covered by at least a 3G mobile network, population covered by at least a 4G mobile network), access (access to ICT at home, active mobile broadband subscriptions, fixed broadband subscriptions), enablers (fixed broadband over 10 Mbps, mobile data and voice basket, high consumption) and barriers (improved broadband access from 256 kbps to 2 Mbps and from 2 Mbps to 10 Mbps mobile data and voice basket, low consumption) of digital development. The methodological basis for determining the sigma convergence of digitization processes is the coefficient of variation. The values of the coefficient of variation confirmed the high level of convergence between the studied countries in terms of the degree of use of the Internet for conducting digital transactions. The developed econometric model, which describes the influence of statistically significant integral indicators of the national cybersecurity level, ease of doing business, and the anti-money laundering index on the country’s digital development level, made it possible to determine the average trend of dependence on the level of digital development. One hundred four countries were considered for the analysis. The conducted study of the impact of digitalization on economic transformations based on developed quantile regressions made it possible to analyze exactly how the level of digital development for countries with a high level of digitalization and for countries with a low level of digitalization development depends on the value of the national cybersecurity indicator and the ease of doing business, and which countries have the least resistance to the risk factors of their involvement in fraudulent schemes for the purpose of legalizing criminal income.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040194
Authors: Maksim Vlasov Sergey N. Polbitsyn Michael Olumekor Adekunle Oke
The knowledge economy, fostered by knowledge-based innovation, has been linked to entrepreneurial and economic success, especially in OECD countries. Studies have shown the influence of socio-cultural factors on almost every area of economic behavior. However, few studies have attempted to connect these factors to the knowledge economy. Our research bridges this gap. We investigated the impact of socio-cultural factors on knowledge-based innovation, then we also examined whether digitalization impacted knowledge-based innovation, regardless of the influence of socio-cultural factors. Using official data from Russia’s statistical office, we developed a correlation regression model using a linear graphical test and Pearson correlation. Our results show that certain socio-cultural factors significantly influenced knowledge-based innovation. We also found that digitalization could mitigate the negative effects of socio-cultural factors. Digitalization had a positive influence on knowledge-based innovation across all regions and socio-cultural characteristics. Our research provides pioneering analysis of the topic within post-Soviet economies and has huge implications for business practice, policy making, and academic research.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040193
Authors: Ruslan Prijadi Permata Wulandari Fajar Ayu Pinagara Putri Mega Desiana
The objective of this study is to elaborate on the development of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) at the bottom of the economy, where most of them began as unbanked micro-ventures and may continue to be micro-enterprises even after being elevated to higher levels. This study contributes to the field of entrepreneurial finance by identifying the factors that influence the drivers and constraints of MSE upgrading. This paper employed models to show how unbanked MSEs transition to bankable ones, as well as to reveal the dynamics of MSEs’ transition to bankability during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study’s unit of analysis is MSEs, which initially have little or no access to bank loans. This study employs system dynamics (SD) modeling to investigate and manage the multifaceted response system of MSEs’ growth toward bankability in the face of a coronavirus pandemic in Indonesia. This study also simulates a coronavirus pandemic outbreak to fine-tune MSEs’ progress toward bankability. The dynamic models in this study reveal a number of variables that are critical in accelerating the bankability status of MSE from un-bankable to bankable, namely entrepreneurial MSE time to bankability, channel business, and MSE NPL. Policymakers can create high leverage policies for MSE bankability progression by changing these values.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040192
Authors: Rui Miguel Dantas Raheela Firdaus Farrokh Jaleel Pedro Neves Mata Mário Nuno Mata Gang Li
A wide range of recent studies are focusing on current issues of financial fraud, especially concerning cybercrimes. The reason behind this is even with improved security, a great amount of money loss occurs every year due to credit card fraud. In recent days, ATM fraud has decreased, while credit card fraud has increased. This study examines articles from five foremost databases. The literature review is designed using extraction by database, keywords, year, articles, authors, and performance measures based on data used in previous research, future research directions and purpose of the article. This study identifies the crucial gaps which ultimately allow research opportunities in this fraud detection process by utilizing knowledge from the machine learning domain. Our findings prove that this research area has become most dominant in the last ten years. We accessed both supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques to detect cybercrime and management techniques which provide evidence for the effectiveness of machine learning techniques to control cybercrime in the credit card industry. Results indicated that there is room for further research to obtain better results than existing ones on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative research analysis.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040191
Authors: Tha’er Majali Mahmoud Alkaraki Muzaffar Asad Nael Aladwan Mazen Aledeinat
Green practices are becoming increasingly important throughout the world. The performance of SMEs is becoming a crucial issue because of increasing awareness of consumers about environmentally friendly products; therefore, enterprises not following green practices may face a significant decline in performance. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to identify the mediating role of green product innovation between green entrepreneurial orientation, green transformational leadership, and the performance of SMEs. To meet the objectives of the study, structural equation modeling was applied to the data collected from 384 manufacturing SMEs operating in Amman, Jordan, using systematic sampling. The findings revealed that the mediating role of green product innovation was insignificant at the 5% level of significance but significant at the 10% level of significance. All other relationships were significant at the 5% level of significance. This study provides theoretical support for investing more resources in green product innovation to gain sustainability.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040190
Authors: Jarosław Brodny Magdalena Tutak
The growing and expanding zone of the free-market economy results in increasing competition in the global market, which leads companies to seek and implement solutions that will give them a competitive advantage. The authorities of countries and regions are also increasingly involved in this process, seeing it as an opportunity to develop and build a knowledge-based economy. One of the main factors improving competitiveness and providing opportunities for development is innovation, particularly developed at the local level. For this reason, activities that support research and development of innovation at the regional level are increasingly appreciated and gain greater importance. This article refers to regional innovation in Poland by analyzing its level between 2010 and 2020. The basis of the analysis was 15 selected indicators characterizing three dimensions related to the innovative development of regions, namely innovative capacity, innovative position, and economic development. This assessment was regarded as a multi-criteria problem, for which the CODAS method was used. Its application made it possible to achieve the main objective of this paper, which was to determine the level of innovation of studied regions and, on this basis, to create their ranking. In addition, the evaluation of the level of innovation of the regions for each of the analyzed dimensions was also carried out, and the relationship between the level of economic development and the capacity and innovative position of the regions was specified. The measure for evaluating the level of innovation, for each case studied, was the value of the Hi index, taken as a synthetic measure of regional innovation. The results show that the level of innovation for the regions in Poland varies widely as a function of time as well as the location of these regions. Differences in the dynamics of change and different levels of development of the analyzed dimensions characterizing innovation are evident. The results provide new knowledge in the field of regional development and should be used when creating a regional development strategy for individual regions, Poland, and the EU.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040189
Authors: Ashraf Bany Mohammad Manaf Al-Okaily Mohammad Al-Majali Ra’ed Masa’deh
This study aims to examine the factors that influence business intelligence and analytics (BIA) usage in the banking sector. Based on a comprehensive literature review, a theoretical model was developed to explore the impact of three key factors on business intelligence and analytics adoption and usage in the banking sector, namely technological, organizational, and environmental factors. The study used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze data collected from 120 employees of Jordan Arab bank. The results revealed the critical impact of not only the existence of data and technology infrastructure but also the importance and availability of management and human resources support and capabilities. This study suggests that, more importantly, successful planning for business intelligence and analytics should go beyond the technology aspects to gain the full benefits of such technology, especially in the banking sector. Yet, we argue that more research needs to be conducted, especially in the context of developing countries, to fully understand how banking sectors can successfully implement and utilize business intelligence and analytics.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040188
Authors: Soohwan Choi Jaewook Yoo
This study was designed to explore the effects of strategic CSR conformity and technological innovation activities on the market value of Korean manufacturing firms. We proposed a research model based on resource-based, stakeholder, and institutional theories to examine the main effects of technological innovation activities and strategic CSR conformity, as well as their interaction effect on firm value. The findings showed that technological innovation activities have a significant positive impact on the firm value, whereas strategic CSR conformity does not. They also presented that the interaction between technological innovation activities and strategic CSR conformity had a negative effect on firm value, contrary to what was expected in hypothesis 3. Thus, further analysis was performed by dividing the sample into two subgroups: the upper group (above the mean) and the lower group (below the mean). The results showed that the interaction effect between strategic CSR and technological innovation activities had a significant positive impact on the market value of Korean manufacturing firms. This finding implies that a firm should invest in strategic CSR at a level higher than the industry average to intensify the positive effect of technological innovation activities on firm value.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040186
Authors: Mohammad Daradkeh
The heterogeneity and diversity of users and external knowledge resources is a hallmark of open innovation communities (OICs). Although user segmentation in heterogeneous OICs is a prominent and recurring issue, it has received limited attention in open innovation research and practice. Most existing user segmentation methods ignore the heterogeneity and embedded relationships that link users to communities through various items, resulting in limited accuracy of user segmentation. In this study, we propose a user segmentation method in heterogeneous OICs based on multilayer information fusion and attention mechanisms. Our method stratifies the OIC and creates user node embeddings based on different relationship types. Node embeddings from different layers are then merged to form a global representation of user fusion embeddings based on a semantic attention mechanism. The embedding learning of nodes is optimized using a multi-objective optimized node representation based on the Deep Graph Infomax (DGI) algorithm. Finally, the k-means algorithm is used to form clusters of users and partition them into distinct segments based on shared features. Experiments conducted on datasets collected from four OICs of business intelligence and analytics software show that our method outperforms multiple baseline methods based on unsupervised and supervised graph embeddings. This study provides methodological guidance for user segmentation based on structured community data and semantic social relations and provides insights for its practice in heterogeneous OICs.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040187
Authors: Jeferson Lima Ribeiro José Antônio Valle Antunes Junior Débora Oliveira da Silva Wagner Dorneles da Silva Miguel Afonso Sellitto
This study aims at identifying factors that facilitate the development of the capacity to generate innovations in a subsidiary of a multinational company. Based on the understanding that innovation management deals with the establishment of organizational routines and the investigation of environmental factors that affect the success of the innovation process, the purpose of this work is to contribute toward identifying these factors. For this, a single case study was carried out in a Brazilian subsidiary of a German multinational company, having as incorporated objects the two Business Units of the subsidiary. The results include 20 potential factors to drive the innovation process in the subsidiary company organized as a tree-like structure with three categories: reasons to innovate, spontaneous factors and induced factors. The structure serves as a conceptual framework to address future research, as well as to help subsidiaries’ managers to leverage innovative potential. The study opens room for further implementation of open innovation in the company, as the innovation process is now more stable and robust. Excellent alternatives for open innovation projects are available in the local market and can now be implemented by the company.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040185
Authors: Tara Renduchintala Haneen Alfauri Zebo Yang Roberto Di Pietro Raj Jain
FinTech has proven its true potential in traditional financial offerings by delivering digital financial services to individuals worldwide. The pandemic has accelerated how people interact with financial services and has resulted in long-term changes to societies and economies. FinTech has expanded access to financial services and has made such changes possible. FinTech or Financial Technology refers to using new technologies for financial services. Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and cloud computing are a few technologies currently being applied to FinTech. In this paper, we consider FinTech, which partly uses blockchain technology. Blockchain technology plays a vital role in the financial sector as it ultimately lifts trust and the need for third-party verification by using consensus-based verification. This survey provides a comprehensive summary of the most relevant blockchain-based FinTech implementations and an overview of FinTech sectors and segments. For each segment, we provide a critique and a discussion on how each blockchain implementation contributes to solving the majority of problems faced by FinTech companies and researchers. This research aims to direct the future of financial solutions by providing an outline of the applications of blockchain technology and distributed ledger technology (DLT) for FinTech. We discuss various implementations, limitations, and challenges of blockchain-based FinTech applications. We conclude this work by exploring possible strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis and future research directions.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040183
Authors: Davis Adedayo Eisape
For many, digital transformation is the new normal. However, in particular, pipeline businesses in traditional industries, such as standard-setting organizations (SSOs), are reluctant to radically rethink their business models, as they have often successfully prevailed for decades. The literature shows that there is a great deal of theory to be found on digital transformation, but a practical and, at the same time, scientific approach is yet missing. Following the design science framework, this paper introduces a two-step approach to transform a pipeline business model into a digital standardization platform. This is achieved by mapping the incumbent pipeline business mode146l and its ecosystem with the Platform Business Model Canvas introduced by Eisape. The representation of the current ecosystem is then digitally transformed according to the three key transformation points introduced by Alstyne et al., shifting the current ecosystem into the digital realm. The illustrative case study on DIN e.V. (the German SSOs) demonstrates the new methodology and its suitability for real applications. The result is a platform business model for a digital standardization platform, which, compared via an index to the traditional business model, has the potential to disrupt the entire standardization industry.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040184
Authors: Nurlan Kurmanov Mussa Niyazov Baurzhan Tolysbayev Kasya Kirdasinova Dinara Mukhiyayeva Assilbek Baidakov Nazgul Syrlybayeva Aizhan Satbayeva Ulukbek Aliyev Sagyngali Seitzhanov
The following paper explores the development of a statistically based index evaluating digitalization processes to assess the digital divide between the regions of Kazakhstan: resource-based (oil and gas) regions and regions where the service sector dominates the GRP. As a method for forming such an indicator, the authors suggest using factor analysis, which reduces the dimension of factors while maintaining the reasoning behind a significant part of the data variability. This approach is preferable because the index is formed on the basis of statistically objective estimates rather than that of subjective expert opinion. The results of the factor analysis were interpreted as the following two qualitatively different subindices that formed the final Economy and Society Digitalization Index, namely, for resource-based (oil and gas) regions: subindex of digital consumption by households and subindex of digital consumption by organizations; for service-dominated regions: subindex of digital consumption by households and organizations, and subindex of digitalization of labor management processes. The combined values of the calculated subindices allowed us to conclude that the introduction of information and communication technologies into the consumer environment is greater than into the activities of economic entities. Open innovations are revealed to create additional opportunities for obtaining new knowledge and additional tools and ideas that can lead to bridging the digital divide in the regions of Kazakhstan. The analysis of descriptive statistics of these values allowed us to draw a number of conclusions available that can be used to form regional digital policy. First, the regional population shows a fairly homogeneous high level of consumption of telecommunications services, which indicates their availability. Second, the majority of economic entities throughout the country have successfully passed the first stage of digitalization, which consists in the use of Internet technologies; although, not all of them are characterized by a trend toward the digitalization of business processes. Thirdly, for most organizations, the digital development of human capital still remains an important task. Further statistical research of regional differentiation of the values of the proposed digital development indicator will allow a deeper understanding of the reasons for the digital divide in Kazakhstan.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040182
Authors: Yurika Permanasari Budi Nurani Ruchjana Setiawan Hadi Juli Rejito
Object identification is a part of the field of computer science, namely, image processing, whose research continues to innovate. Object identification describes an object based on the main characteristics of the object. Many research innovations related to object identification have been carried out to obtain optimal identification results. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is one of the algorithms that is widely used by researchers in the field of object identification or object recognition in digital images. The purpose of this study was to analyze the development of object identification in the search for the best algorithm in terms of the speed and efficiency of identification. The article data used were obtained from several sources, namely, Dimensions AI, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The database search results obtained 1041 articles in the form of publications from 2010–2021. Through a systematic literature review based on the articles obtained, 32 articles were selected. The evaluation of the articles was carried out in the form of article data visualization, object identification algorithm development, and the research objects used. CNN’s research innovation is growing rapidly, with improvements being made to the identification techniques in its algorithmic architecture. The use of the CNN algorithm in the identification of image objects, starting with the region CNN technique, is improved with Fast R-CNN, Faster-CNN, and Mask R-CNN. The object of research has developed from facial recognition and the identification of moving images to the introduction of ancient manuscripts that are useful for the development of history and tourism. The successful identification of ancient scripted texts will greatly assist the availability of such manuscripts in a digital format, which allows for further multidisciplinary research. The availability of ancient manuscripts in a digital format also helps the government to preserve culture and increase people’s understanding of the culture they have.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040181
Authors: Aram Cho Sangook Park
This paper raises the question of whether global innovation systems (GIS), the expanded networks of actors beyond national boundaries, could be a new sibling of innovation systems perspectives. We argue that in today’s globalized world, it is idoneous to analyze innovation activities in a global context rather than a national or regional one. To confirm this argument, first, previous research is reviewed to understand how the GIS perspective has emerged and what different aspects have enabled these discussions. Distinct gaps from a body of literature are identified, such as the lack of a united definition, leading causes, and empirical evidence of GIS. With this understanding of the GIS perspective’s background, this research aims to overcome the challenge of filling out these gaps using two-stage approaches. The first approach suggests three building blocks of the GIS perspective (global institutions, global actors and networks, and a global knowledge-base). Using the open innovation concept, the second approach measures the openness of national innovation systems (NIS) of the OECD DAC (Development Assistance Committee) member countries to represent the tangibility of the GIS perspective. The paper concludes that the GIS approach would provide us with a valuable viewpoint for analyzing current innovation activities in today’s globalized economy as the form of GIS perspective is observed when measured.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040180
Authors: Richard Orozco Philipp Grundmann
New business opportunities based on grassland and green fodder present a promising avenue to realize the transition towards a circular and sustainable bio-based economy. Yet, such potential remains largely untapped and grass-based products and businesses remain a small niche in the global economy. To understand this phenomenon, this paper introduces and operationalizes a model to assess innovation readiness built around seven focus areas: technology, manufacturing, business, IPR, customer, team, and funding readiness with their own detailed “progress scales.” We employ necessary condition analysis (NCA) to identify limiting factors and bottlenecks in actual business situations. Our results reveal that lack of consumer awareness, infant conversion technologies and paucity of long-term investments that support emerging bio-based businesses are the most limiting conditions for the growth of emerging grass-based markets. The present study advances our understanding of the factors that limit complex innovations in grassland systems. Focusing on necessary conditions in a coordinated way between practitioners and policy makers by giving priority to fostering positive awareness of bioeconomy businesses, developing conversion technologies, and improving access to capital is a recommended approach to foster emerging grass-based innovations.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040179
Authors: Yoon Joo Park Sung Joon Yoon
The rapid advances in information and communications technologies, combined with increased social awareness of today’s consumers, ushered in transformation in consumers’ purchase behavior. This big shift away from the traditional ownership-based economy into a sharing economy is causing an urgent necessity to understand the shifted decision mechanism. Although there have been quite a few previous studies on antecedents of consumers’ decision to engage in collective consumption, it is somewhat difficult to find previous research that focused on consumption values as antecedent predictors. To abridge this gap, this study aims to determine whether two predictors (social value and ethical value) affect consumers’ intention to utilize collective consumption. In addition, the current study verifies the role of perceived risk as a moderator between perceived trust and the intention to use collective consumption. For the purpose of hypothesis verification, the study uses multiple regression and hierarchical moderated regression analysis. Responses from a total of 246 respondents are used for statistical analysis. The respondents were selected from the students attending a university located in Seoul, South Korea. The results indicate that social value and ethical value exerted significant impacts on the perceived trust of collective consumption. However, the magnitude of the social value’s impact was slightly greater than that of ethical value. The result also confirms the mediating role of the perceived trust. Furthermore, perceived risk moderated the relationship between trust and the intention to utilize collective consumption.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040178
Authors: Amonrat Thoumrungroje Olimpia C. Racela
Given that the ultimate goal of business is performance enhancement, this study approaches the phenomenon by drawing on resource-advantage (R-A) theory to conceptualize a model with the aim of investigating the links among composite operant resources (CORs), namely customer orientation, basic operant resources (BORs), innovative capability, and financial performance across Miles and Snow’s five business strategy types, including prospectors, differentiated defenders, low-cost (LC) defenders, analyzers, and reactors. The scope of this study is firms based in the emerging market of Thailand. A final sample of 395 Thai firms participated in the self-administered survey. Multiple-group structural equation modeling and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were utilized to test the hypotheses. The results revealed insightful findings that advance the strategy and innovation literature. While business strategy types moderate the proposed relationships, the only one that is uniform across all five types of firms is the positive, strong, and significant customer orientation–innovation capability link. Moreover, customer orientation and innovative capability contribute significantly to financial performance among prospectors and LC defenders. However, only the former is essential to differentiated defenders, analyzers, and reactors. Overall, the findings suggest that managers must pay attention to connections between their chosen business-level strategy, customer-focused resources, and innovation capabilities to generate the best financial performance outcomes for their firms.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040177
Authors: Jozsef Pap Csaba Mako Miklos Illessy Norbert Kis Amir Mosavi
Identifying the performance factors of organizations is of utmost importance for labor studies for both empirical and theoretical research. The present study investigates the essential intra- and extra-organizational factors in determining the performance of firms using the European Company Survey (ECS) 2019 framework. The evolutionary computation method of genetic algorithm and the machine learning method of Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), are used to model the importance of each of the intra- and extra-organizational factors in identifying the firms’ performance as well as employee well-being. The standard metrics are further used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. The mean value of the evaluation metrics for the accuracy of the impact of intra- and extra-organizational factors on firm performance are MAE = 0.225, MSE = 0.065, RMSE = 0.2525, and R2 = 0.9125, and the value of these metrics for the accuracy of the impact of intra- and extra-organizational factors on employee well-being are MAE = 0.18, MSE = 0.0525, RMSE = 0.2275, and R2 = 0.88. The low values of MAE, MSE and RMSE, and the high value of R2, indicate the high level of accuracy of the proposed method. The results revealed that the two variables of work organization and innovation are essential in improving firm performance well-being, and that the variables of collaboration and outsourcing, as well as job complexity and autonomy, have the greatest role in improving firm performance.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040176
Authors: Mateusz Trzeciak Paulina Banasik
The production of new IT products and services in today’s dynamic world of business and ever-evolving technology requires specific enterprise policies geared toward supporting innovation. Striving to provide the customer with the required value that meets the customer’s current requirements is becoming quite a challenge for IT enterprises at this time. Moreover, innovative ideas are not created in “rigid” authoritarian-managed teams, but in an open culture based on the principles of self-organization and self-discipline, a characteristic of agile teams. One of the key determinants of a company’s competitive advantage is employee effectiveness and commitment. Moreover, there are few publications covering research on employee effectiveness in agile teams. Therefore, the overarching goal of this article is to identify the motivators influencing the commitment and effectiveness of agile teams. In order to achieve the desired goal, an analysis of the research on the effectiveness and commitment of employees of a selected Polish IT company within the industry was conducted. As a result of the analysis of the obtained research results, seven determinants were developed, which have the greatest importance for agile teams and their motivation and effectiveness. Moreover, as the concluded research results show, the use of agile team models and open innovation positively affects the efficiency and commitment of employees.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040175
Authors: Venni V. Krishna
The post-war era, particularly from the mid-1980s, can be seen as a turning point for various Asian countries. Japanese success in industrialisation based on technology transfer from the industrialised West and evolution of unique endogenous scientific and technological capacities led scholars to conceptualise ‘late industrialisation’ and ‘catching up’ strategies. In a large measure, the ‘East Asian Miracle’ led to some erroneous misconceptions on science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies. Various writings and commentators from Africa, Asia and Latin America advocated to follow the path of East Asian Dragons. These writings begun to assume that countries can build innovation systems or dynamic technological sectors of economy within their respective countries, without paying much attention to building and strengthening science and technology (S&T) eco-systems. There are now clear STI policy signals which point to the significance of building science and technology systems before fully embarking on innovation policies. Drawing on some exemplary cases, this essay will explore the importance of S&T systems in the context of developing countries.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040174
Authors: Mateusz Trzeciak Łukasz Daniel Sienkiewicz Emil Bukłaha
The implementation of the open innovation (OI) model is associated with a significant organizational change within the existing processes, business models, and prevailing customs. This change takes appropriate measures to prepare for and conduct an effective implementation process. Only a small number of research concerns software development micro-organizations using the OI model. Therefore, this article focuses on defining and systematizing the activities supporting the implementation of OI, which are initiated depending on the implementation process and the organizational level at which a given process is implemented. The research was carried out based on a case study in the Sandstream Development Sp. z o. o. (SSD) organization by analyzing the approach to the implementation of the Sandtime.io project. As a result of the undertaken research effort, the assumed research goal and a theoretical model of implementing open innovations in software development micro-organizations were developed. In addition, the importance of preparing the foundation for the OI model was also emphasized through the recommendations for managers regarding the implementation of individual implementation activities.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040173
Authors: Sumalee Ngeoywijit Tawamin Kruasom KiengKwan Ugsornwongand Rapeepan Pitakaso Worapot Sirirak Natthapong Nanthasamroeng Thachada Kotmongkol Thanatkij Srichok Surajet Khonjun Chutchai Kaewta
One of the industries with the fastest growth rates worldwide, and notably in Thailand, is medical tourism. With connections to Cambodia and Laos, Ubon Ratchathani is located in lower northeastern Thailand, close to Vietnam and Myanmar. Therefore, there is a significant chance that this region will welcome medical travelers. High-quality medical facilities are available in Ubon Ratchathani to fulfill the needs of medical tourists. A visitor’s decision to travel to Ubon Ratchathani for medical treatment is influenced by factors other than the high-level medical facilities, such as lodging, accessibility to public transportation, and tourist attractions. The public transportation services in Ubon Ratchathani, especially the public bus system, are poorly designed and may let down visitors. The purpose of this study is to develop a smart public bus route design that will meet tourists’ demands. The concept of open innovation will be utilized to develop the model. We surveyed 400 visitors to Ubon Ratchathani. The tourists’ opinions and views of public transportation will be made public and used as an input parameter when designing bus routes. The bus route can then be constructed using the differential evolution algorithm (DE). A web-based smart public transportation system was built. In order to construct an efficient smart public bus system (SPBS), open innovation was used in the development phase. According to the computational results, the new routes using DE lead to a 5.97% reduction in travel distance when compared to the output of the more well-known genetic method. More than 98.5% of visitors are satisfied with the new routes, and once they start running, 99.5% of all respondents plan to use public transit.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040172
Authors: Lazarus Chapungu Godwell Nhamo David Chikodzi Malebajoa Anicia Maoela
The emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) have significant influence on the global economic and environmental trajectories. They have carbon intensive economic systems, which contribute significantly to total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, leading to climate change. However, BRICS have joined the race to net-zero emissions by 2050 in the quest for a climate neutral and sustainable global economy. The journey, however, is not without challenges and opportunities. The proliferation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had mixed reactions from scientists regarding its implications on net-zero trajectories. While statistical data show a correlation between COVID-19 and a decrease in total emissions, it is envisaged that COVID-19 compromised the efforts to develop carbon neutral economies. Hence, there is still need for more scientific examination of COVID-19’s impact on net-zero ambitions, especially in the emerging economies. This study focuses on India and South Africa’s trajectories. Statistical analysis of secondary data from authentic interactive web-based dashboards for COVID-19 data repositories, namely Our World in Data and Climate Action Tracker was performed in conjunction with the document analysis approach following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Some of the COVID-19 challenges as indicated by the results of the study include curtailing the technology transfer staircase in the energy sector, retaliatory emissions for recovery and resource diversion. The opportunities presented by COVID-19 in the quest for carbon neutrality include behavioural changes in investment, production and consumption patterns with a focus on low carbon options. Governments and stakeholders need to focus on addressing the barriers whilst riding on the opportunities presented by the pandemic to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040171
Authors: Esnah Dzimba John Andrew van der Poll
The disruptive innovation framework has become a topical issue in recent years. Despite its popularity, as well as the perceived strategic advantages it bestows on entrant firms, little is known about the disruptive innovation capability of new-technology-based firms (NTBFs) in the South African context. This article explores the contextual factors that influence disruptive innovation capability in South Africa’s base-of-the-pyramid (BoP) environment and how, given the specifics of this operating environment, entrepreneurs strategize for disruptive innovation capability. Following the development of a conceptual framework, we used a grounded theory approach to conduct in-depth interviews with purposefully selected stakeholders in the NTBF incubation sector. Our findings show that South Africa has the catalytic socio-economic dynamics to encourage the development of disruptive innovations. However, despite having fairly robust institutions in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, these fall short of enabling the innovation capability of NTBFs, owing to the poor-quality linkages between and among institutions within the ecosystem. On the strength of these findings, we synthesised a framework of disruptive innovation capability in BoP environments that highlights the contextual factors that influence disruptive innovation capability. Specifically, we demonstrate how the quality of linkages in the entrepreneurial ecosystem influences the innovation outcomes for innovators.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040170
Authors: Marisa Phaekwamdee Smitti Darakorn Na Ayuthaya Supaporn Kiattisin
As digital technology has become indispensable, its overuse has resulted in mental health issues for many users. While it benefits people by providing fast and plentiful information, it also creates sadness, anxiety, and stress. This study aimed to assess the well-being of digital technology users before, during, and six months after attending a coaching session that was designed according to the International Coaching Federation (ICF) approach. Seligman’s well-being model, consisting of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA), was applied for the measurement, and then analyzed with descriptive statistics, repeated ANOVA, and paired-sample t-tests. The findings showed that coaching techniques can enhance well-being and that their results were maintained for six months after participation. In conclusion, coaching techniques should be promoted as a procedure for improving the well-being of digital technology users who face mental health issues.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8040169
Authors: Ammar Ali Alalawneh Saleh Yousef S. Al-Omar Saleh Alkhatib
Social media platforms (SMPs) have become a key source of success for many organizations in today’s complex business environment due to advancements in information and communication technologies that have created dynamic innovations. This study aims to explore the complex relationships between SMPs’ usage and organizational performance with respect to small and medium-sized restaurants in Jordan. In addition, it investigates the impact of competition intensity as a moderating variable. The model of the study was assessed and examined by gathering data from 331 Jordanian restaurants using the partial least squares (PLS) method. The findings revealed that SMPs’ usage is positively associated with restaurant performance (financial, marketing, and operational). In addition, the results indicate a significant moderating impact of competition intensity only on the relationship between SMPs’ usage and restaurants’ marketing performance. Based on the results, several theoretical and practical implications for restaurants have been suggested, as well as further research avenues.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030168
Authors: Mohammad Rashed Hasan Polas Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi Ahmed Imran Kabir Abu Saleh Md. Sohel-Uz-Zaman Abu Rashed Osman Ridoan Karim
This study investigates the variables affecting the adoption of blockchain technology (BT) among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with the application of artificial intelligence (AI) via the mediating lens of risk-taking behavior. As an initial sample, 150 owners/top managers from 150 SMEs (one informant from each) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, were chosen. A stratified random sample was employed for this cross-sectional study. Applying structural equation modeling, the combined influence of internal and external variables influencing the intention to adopt BT is explored. Results show that: (1) knowledge of artificial intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the adoption of blockchain technology; (2) the relevant advantage of artificial intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the adoption of blockchain technology; (3) perceived ease of use of artificial intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the adoption of blockchain technology; (4) risk-taking behavior mediates the relationship between knowledge of artificial intelligence and adoption of blockchain technology; (5) risk-taking behavior does not mediate the relationship between relevant advantage and perceived ease of use of artificial intelligence with the adoption of blockchain technology. The current study is one of the few empirical investigations relating to SMEs using artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies for business operations. The study’s limitations are the small sample size and use of a single informant. However, the findings on the adoption of blockchain technology have applications for boosting the competitiveness of SMEs. This study’s originality stems from two factors: the novelty of blockchain technology and its potential to upend SMEs’ conventional mode of operation. It highlights the need to consider the key variables affecting SMEs’ adoption of blockchain technology with artificial intelligence.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030167
Authors: Hoang Viet Nguyen Tuan Duong Vu Bach Khoa Nguyen Thi My Nguyet Nguyen Binh Do Ninh Nguyen
Digital transformation has received increasing attention from organizations and businesses that want to remain competitive in the digital world. Many banks have increasingly been embracing electronic commerce by providing electronic banking (e-banking) services. This study aimed to investigate the impact of electronic service (e-service) quality on customer intention to use video teller machine (VTM) services. Data were obtained from 450 customers in Vietnam, where digital transformation is a priority in the development strategy of the banking industry. Structural equation modeling reveals the positive impact of three e-service quality dimensions, including responsiveness, security, and interface quality, on the perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and attitude toward using VTM services. The findings also demonstrate that attitudes are positively related to intention toward using VTM services, and time-consciousness strengthens this relationship. These findings extend current knowledge about e-banking services in emerging markets and provide implications for bank managers and technology providers in promoting their service quality and customer use of VTM services.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030166
Authors: Minjoon Kim Hyunyeong Kim Kwangsoo Shin Changhyeon Song
Due to the increased need for the efficient use of public funds and the importance of private investment, there have been many studies on the effects of these factors on corporate performance. However, few studies have been conducted based on an integrated perspective. In addition, most studies have investigated cases in leading countries and have rarely studied latecomer countries. Therefore, this study investigated the step-by-step effects of government support on firm performance (innovation performance, venture capital (hereafter VC) investment, and financial performance) based on the data on in vitro diagnostic (hereafter IVD) firms in Korea. In particular, we demonstrate the sequential effects of these variables with a time lag. The results of the panel regression analysis indicate that government R&D support improved the innovation performance of IVD firms, but this increased innovation performance did not attract VC investment. Meanwhile, VC investment has a positive impact on a firm’s financial performance. These findings have policy implications and suggest that government support plays a pivotal role in a company’s innovation performance, and thus continuous investment is required. However, innovation performance negatively affects short-term financial performance, and thus technology commercialization should be supported.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030165
Authors: Saerom Lee Min-Jeong Kang Byung-Keun Kim
With rapid changes in industrial environments, the role of start-ups and their initial attempts toward the market are regarded as critical initiates. To increase the number of young start-up entrepreneurs, it is important to understand the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents. Drawing on the organizational learning theory, we adopt the concept of exploration and exploitation as mediating roles of entrepreneurial intention as individual-level perspectives. Additionally, we consider innovativeness, self-efficacy, and internal locus of control as antecedents of two learning activities. The results indicate that each learning activity successfully supports the entrepreneurial intention, which requires a complex decision-making process and long-term efforts. This research discusses practical implications and guidelines for entrepreneurship education programs further.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030164
Authors: Izabela Jonek-Kowalska
The main objective of the research was to identify the synergistic effects in the area of commercialization of the networking of research institutes in Poland following a radical reform of the functioning of the national innovation system. This goal was pursued using the example of the Łukasiewicz Research Network, which brings together some of Poland’s existing research institutes under the four pillars of the modern economy: (1) smart and clean mobility, (2) digital transformation, (3) health, and (4) sustainable economy and energy. Thus, the article attempts to answer the following research questions: What were the circumstances behind the networking of Polish research institutes, how did this networking take place, and what results in the area of commercialization have been achieved so far? The research conducted in this article showed that the institutes affiliated with the “digital transformation” group achieved the following successes in the first integration phase: (1) an increase in the share of revenue from the commercialization of research results as a basis for assessing the effectiveness of the use of scientific and research potential for strengthening innovation (in five of the six institutes researched) and (2) an increase in sales revenue (in three of the six institutes).
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030163
Authors: Ida Farida Doddy Setiawan
This study aims to examine the effect of business strategies to improve the competitive advantages of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Further, our study considers the importance of performance and innovation as mediating variables in the relationship between business strategies and competitive advantage. The sample of the study consists of 150 SMEs in the construction and real estate industry. Our findings show that business strategies have a positive impact on competitive advantage. Better business strategies improve the competitive advantage of SMEs. Further, business performance and innovation also mediate the relationship between business strategies and competitive advantages. These results provide evidence of the importance of performance and innovation to improve the competitive advantage. It is suggested that SMEs improve their performance and innovation capability to strengthen their competitive advantages.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030162
Authors: Iveta Cirule Inga Uvarova
Business incubators ensure networking and facilitate Open Innovation (OI) collaborations both inside the incubator among entrepreneurs and outside with external stakeholders. Recently, the sustainability and the promotion of environment-friendly businesses has become an important focus for the business incubators. Sustainability-oriented business incubation is a relatively new and emerging topic both for scholars and BI practitioners. This paper aims to explore the theoretical groundings for the business incubation perspectives in facilitating sustainable value creation through OI approaches and to test research instruments exploring determinants of the technology-driven sustainable value creation in incubated start-ups in Latvia. Through the pilot survey, this study will also increase the awareness on the importance of the OI and the creation of sustainable value, and provides the preliminary results to be considered by scholars and practitioners. Results show that climate change, as a planetary boundary, positively stimulates incubated start-ups to improve their technology-driven sustainable value creation. However, sustainability ambition, if negatively influenced by the incubator location, negatively affects the technology-driven sustainable value creation. These results on the sustainability scale within the business incubation of start-ups contribute to the new theoretical concepts, related to integration of the sustainability issues and OI practices within business incubation.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030161
Authors: Adam R. Szromek
This article discusses the structures of value propositions in cultural heritage tourism site business models in the context of the concept of open innovation. The objective of the study is to identify value propositions in tourism sites and the tendency of managers to use open innovation. The analysis was based on the example of European cultural heritage tourism sites associated with the European Route of Industrial Heritage. The research process included literature analysis and empirical research in the form of interviews conducted with managers of 73 sites. The research allowed for identifying 16 key values observed in the business models of cultural heritage tourism sites and then classify them into three groups, i.e., values proposed to the customer, values captured by the enterprise and social values. The following values were of the highest importance: promotion of historical industrial heritage, satisfying cognitive needs, acting as a symbol of the area, brand strengthening and organization of tourist traffic, so that the industrial heritage is preserved. It was noticed that some values were significantly correlated with the attitudes of managers towards the exchange of knowledge within open innovation. The majority of managers participating in the research were convinced that the revitalization of cultural heritage sites and the business models of these sites should be in the form of open innovation. The limitation of the research carried out is the inability to deepen the interviews, which was caused by the lack of direct contact with managers due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030160
Authors: Budi Harsanto Asep Mulyana Yudi Ahmad Faisal Venny Mellandhia Shandy
Social enterprises are currently receiving significant attention from academics and practitioners because of their hybrid nature to achieve profit while achieving the planned social mission. To achieve their social mission as well as financial sustainability, social enterprises need to have the ability to carry out innovation for sustainability which helps them balance these two goals. In hybrid organizations, such as social enterprises, priorities in financial and social missions may conflict, resulting in managerial tensions and stakeholder pressure, making open innovation (OI) by involving external parties essential. This paper aims to explore OI for sustainability in social enterprises. The research question posed is: what innovation for sustainability practices do social enterprises implement and, how does the mechanism of OI for sustainability work in social enterprises? A multiple case study approach is used by taking four leading social enterprises in the education sector located in West Java, Indonesia. Our findings indicate that sustainability innovation is practiced by social enterprises in the form of providing social benefits such as paying for the education costs of their students and providing social services for the surrounding community. Beyond that, ecological benefits are provided in the form of reducing waste and using unproductive land in a productive manner. Innovation is performed with a different approach from one case to another. All cases studied collaborate with parties external to the organization to be able to implement sustainability innovation. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical research on sustainability innovation in the context of social enterprises, which is still rarely found in the literature.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030159
Authors: Kinga Stecuła Radosław Wolniak
The paper presents the results of the research on the advantages and disadvantages of innovative e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education. In the first stage, an internet questionnaire was used for the study. The research was carried out in Poland on a sample of 621 students. The results allowed the researchers to determine variables that are important for the proper implementation of innovative e-learning, and the emergent perspectives for this form of education after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the most significant disadvantages, there was a lack of direct contact with colleagues, difficulties with teaching practical subjects, lack of direct contact with the teacher, and too much time spent in front of a computer/telephone or other mobile device. The most important correlations included the following: students satisfied with e-learning assess the advantages highly and the disadvantages lower; all the advantages of innovative e-learning are positively correlated with the student’s assessment of the ease of acquiring content in e-learning, and negatively correlated with the student’s assessment of the ease of acquiring content in traditional education; the easier the student assimilates innovative e-learning content, the higher the student’s evaluation of the advantages of e-learning; students who perceive e-learning content as difficult to absorb have low motivation to learn remotely; the better the student knows information technology, the more highly the student evaluates the advantages of innovative e-learning; the better resources to participate in e-learning activities the student has, the higher the student’s evaluation of the advantages of e-learning; the more often innovative e-learning solutions are used in a given university, the better the student assesses the advantages of e-learning.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030158
Authors: Józef Ober
Open innovation (OI) is among the key strategic resources of enterprises, especially in high-tech sectors such as the ICT industry. The use of OI platforms and/or networks that facilitate access to and sharing of OI knowledge is gaining increasing interest. This study aimed to assess the factors motivating and hindering the use of OI platforms and/or networks in the ICT industry in Poland. The uniqueness of this approach lies in the use of a PROFIT analysis to develop proprietary models of the importance of the various motivating factors and barriers to the use of OI platforms and/or networks in the ICT industry in relation to the job position held. This study hypothesized that the knowledge of factors motivating and hindering the use of OI platforms and/or networks in the ICT industry varies across occupational groups. In order to verify the hypothesis and answer the formulated research questions, a diagnostic survey method with a survey technique was used. The results of this study confirm that the job position occupied by employees in the ICT industry is relevant to each of the factors that pose obstacles to their use of OI platforms and/or networks. Managers and management, as well as developers, are less likely to restrict the use of the aforementioned solutions due to organizational and/or administrative barriers, while more likely due to reluctance to share knowledge. For specialists and analysts, legal barriers and NIH syndrome are greater obstacles. For programmers, negative attitudes toward open innovation and lack of internal commitment to the company are less of an obstacle. Insufficient support from top management is a major barrier for administrative staff and programmers. The conclusions formulated can be useful in practice for managers in the ICT industry to make optimal use of access to OI.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030157
Authors: Eko Agus Prasetio
Disruptive technology theory receives a lot of attention and has a significant influence on scholars and managers in approaching technology competition. Some studies have formalized the disruptive technology, investigating the mechanism and determinants of disruption. While some modern technologies are understood to be disruptive, they also exhibit increasing return to the adoption properties or network effects. However, how the network effects influence the disruption mechanism has only received little attention in the previous formal disruptive technology models. Therefore, in this study, we developed a formal model to investigate the dynamics of disruption by exploring the interaction of technology development, the consumer’s choice, firm’s decision, and structure of demand under the influence of different degrees of network effects. The model is simulated using agent-based software of the Laboratory for Simulation Development (LSD). We argue that weak network effects allow for different competitive outcomes (i.e., competitive isolation, convergence, and disruption), where the heterogeneity of the consumers’ preferences matters in determining the outcomes. Therefore, this study suggests that weak network effects enhance the likelihood of disruptive innovation, depending on the heterogeneity in customer preference. Strong network effects, however, lead to a winner-takes-all situation regardless of the heterogeneity in the consumers’ preferences.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030156
Authors: Seungku Ahn Kwon-Sik Kim Kwang-Hoon Lee
Despite large-scale financial support of the government, there is increasing criticism about the inefficiency of public R&D investment that fails to lead directly to technological innovation of technology-based start-ups. This paper analyzes the factors that influence technological innovation in Korean technology-based start-ups based on the resource-based view (RBV). The empirical analysis combines ordinary least squares and ordered probit analysis of data collected from 248 technology-based start-ups in Korea. The analysis results statistically confirm the effects of technological capabilities and entrepreneurship on technological innovation. First, a start-up’s technological capabilities measured by patents and technological competitiveness have significant positive effects on technological innovation, while the effect of having an in-house R&D department for technological innovation is not significant. Second, entrepreneurship has a significant positive effect on the technological innovation of a start-up, and this positive effect has a moderating effect that further promotes the positive effect of technological competitiveness on technological innovation.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030155
Authors: Tomasz L. Nawrocki Izabela Jonek-Kowalska
A high level of innovativeness and technology complexity is most often associated with a faster and more dynamic pace of economic development. In turn, it enables enterprises to achieve better financial results and strengthen their competitive advantage. Despite these potential benefits, in practice, innovation is also associated with the need to take up new challenges, which may be accompanied by a higher risk. The main goal of the research is a comparative analysis of the relationship between innovation and the risk of running a business in traditional and high-tech industries exemplified by the Polish economy. The authors assess the risk in 44 enterprises in the years 2010–2020 based on the proprietary evaluation model that uses the variation of financial parameters associated with innovativeness. The obtained results indicate a higher level of risk in the high-tech group with more complex and modern technologies, in particular in the pharmaceutical and computer games sectors. In the group of traditional enterprises, the risk in the analysed sectors is more diversified, and it is much higher in manufacturing enterprises than in services and trade. The empirical and quite extensive nature of the research allows for a practical assessment of the direction and strength of the relationship between innovation, risk and technology complexity.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030154
Authors: Jim Giraldo-Builes René Yepes Iván Rojas Juan Carlos Briñez-De León
The Valley of Death is the gap between the completion of research and development (R&D) projects and their transition to innovation. A key aspect to explain it are mindsets, which are one of the most complex to explain due to the number of factors they contain. What remains unclear is how people might have patterns of understanding the processes and activities that define mental models. This paper aims to explore how persons involved in R&D activities have a pattern to understand the processes. Data for this study were collected using a survey applied to directives, coordinators, technology managers, intellectual property managers, researchers, and entrepreneurs in a group of 11 universities in Medellín (Colombia) through a computational clustering analysis. The main contribution of this article is the generation of five patterns or mental models, in which the different roles linked to R&D converge, to this extent we could speak of shared mental models. One of the more significant findings that emerge from this study is that a simpler mental model with specific and relevant activities prioritised may work better than a complex one.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030153
Authors: Agus Masrianto Hartoyo Hartoyo Aida Vitayala S. Hubeis Nur Hasanah
The convergence of information technology, media, and telecommunications has altered consumer behavior in terms of searching, obtaining, processing, and responding to a company’s information or services. The ability of a company to plan, implement, and manage digital marketing to increase its competitiveness in the eyes of consumers is referred to as digital marketing capability. This research presents a digital marketing utilization index (DMUI) to evaluate and improve a company’s digital marketing capability. DMUI is made up of three components: the innovation ecosystem readiness, the adoption of digital marketing technology, and the company’s digital transformation. Based on data from 217 companies in Indonesia, the results show that the DMUI of companies in Indonesia has an average of 71.97, indicating that the level of digital marketing capabilities of companies in Indonesia is in the medium category. They can improve their digital marketing capabilities by increasing the role of managerial innovativeness, organizational readiness, and perceived usefulness. Furthermore, businesses must carry out digital transformation by governing the transformation and reinvention of new business models. Finally, in addition to implementing digital marketing via websites, social media, mobile marketing, and content marketing, they must emphasize the importance of digital analytics, digital CRM, digital advertising, and display advertising to improve their company’s digital marketing capabilities.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030152
Authors: Meena Madhavan Sutee Wangtueai Mohammed Ali Sharafuddin Thanapong Chaichana
This research aims to study the pre-pandemic and pandemic-period Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 characteristics in SME research using scientometrics and systematic review using the PRISMA 2020 approach. A total of 691 articles were found in SCOPUS database using keywords ((“Industry 4.0” OR “Industry 5.0”) AND “SME”). However, 398 documents, which were either conference proceedings, reviews, book chapters or published in languages other than English, were excluded, and the remaining 221 articles that were published in SCOPUS indexed Journals were included in the study. This research adopted a novel mix of scientometrics and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 recommendations for identifying the thematic evolution of pre-pandemic and pandemic-period Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 SME Research. The major findings of this systematic review are, (1) There is a conceptual shift among researchers in studying the Industry 4.0 adoption of SMEs during the pandemic period; (2) The pandemic period research focused on (a) human-centric approaches, (b) adoption/acceptance models, (c) cost-effective solutions, (d) COVID-19 impact and resilience, (e) artificial intelligence and predictive maintenance, and (f) the emerging role of open innovation in Industry 4.0 adoption of SMEs; (3) Though the concept of Industry 5.0 clearly emerged and supplemented industry 4.0, the keyword “Industry 5.0” is not widely adopted by researchers. From the systematic literature review, a conceptual model for assessing the Industry 4.0 adoption and digital transformation of SMEs, digital integration of value chains and participation in a global value chain for trade expansion and sustainable growth of SMEs is proposed.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030150
Authors: Adam Ryszko Marek Szafraniec
In recent years increasing attention has been paid to theory building and empirical research that explore the links between the business model and open innovation (BM&OI). Nevertheless, studies presenting the results of bibliometric analyses merging these two terms are still scarce. Therefore, the main aim of this paper was to present the results of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis focused on the determination and mapping of the evolving cognitive and social structures in the BM&OI literature to set proposals for directions of future research. Our research was based on the dataset obtained from the Scopus database and made use of the Biblioshiny and the VOSviewer software. Descriptive and network analyses were conducted to demonstrate an overview of the scientific field under consideration. We identified the leading authors, sources, countries and institutions in the BM&OI literature. The most influential publications on the BM&OI and the most cited references by documents covering the BM&OI research were indicated. Based on the thematic evolution and thematic maps, the evolving structures of key sub-fields of the BM&OI research were determined and discussed. Moreover, the major clusters and the specificity of scientific collaboration in the analyzed research domain were identified and described. Our intention was to demonstrate to both scholars and practitioners the wide-ranging landscape of multifaceted research on the BM&OI.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030151
Authors: Oleksandr Bilichenko Mikhail Tolmachev Tetiana Polozova Dmytro Aniskevych Alzoubi Laith Abdel Karim Mohammad
The aim of the work is to develop theoretical, methodological, and applied foundations and practical recommendations for managing strategic changes in personnel resistance to open innovations in companies. The following special methods were used in the research process: Comparative and economic-statistical analysis—to assess the level of unique, threshold, and average opportunities for resistance to changes in open innovation; ranking—to assess the development of corporate culture. The main method of study was expert evaluation through questionnaires. The experts were middle managers of five branches of international car companies in Poland: Fiat, Opel, Toyota, Volkswagen, and Volvo. The reason for choosing these companies is that they collectively occupy 85% of the Polish automotive market. Resistance to open innovations usually arises at the individual level of personnel and is addressed through informational and motivational measures. According to the study, the threat to strategic change management in companies is system resistance for Opel and Toyota. This allowed us to draw a conclusion on the development of a predominantly fiduciary corporate culture, which minimizes the resistance to open innovation in companies. Approbation of the approaches of the companies under study proved that in the current conditions, there is a combination of different types of strategies. Recommendations regarding the choice of change strategies are substantiated for all the companies under study.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030149
Authors: I Wayan Edi Arsawan Ni Kadek Dessy Hariyanti I Made Ari Dwi Suta Atmaja Dwi Suhartanto Viktor Koval
Although social capital and collaborative knowledge creation were considered essential drivers in maintaining competitive advantage, empirical evidence on the impact of collaborative knowledge creation on organizational agility remained limited. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between social capital and collaborative knowledge creation in building innovation and agility and testing strategic flexibility as a moderating variable. It employed a quantitative design by distributing questionnaires to 414 managers and assistant managers of SMEs analyzed by SmartPLS-SEM. The results showed that social capital significantly affected collaborative knowledge creation, innovation, and organizational agility. Meanwhile, collaborative knowledge creation has no significant impact on organizational agility. Furthermore, strategic flexibility was not a moderating variable of the relationship between innovation and organizational agility. Based on these findings, this study produced recommendations for managers to strengthen organizational agility.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030148
Authors: Lanndon Ocampo Joerabell Lourdes Aro Samantha Shane Evangelista Fatima Maturan Kafferine Yamagishi Dave Mamhot Dina Fe Mamhot Dawn Iris Calibo-Senit Edgar Tibay Joseph Pepito Renissa Quiñones
Current literature merely identifies the driving factors of research productivity in higher education institutions without directly examining their interrelationships that would offer some fundamental insights into the nature of these factors. Thus, this work intends to identify those driving factors and establish their structural relationships to determine those factors with crucial roles in advancing research productivity. Due to the subjectivity of the identified driving factors and the notion that the evaluation of their relationships reflects an expert judgment, an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach and the Matrice d’impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment (MICMAC) analysis were adopted. Results show that institutional support, reward system, research funding, mentoring, and electronic information resources are the most crucial factors influencing research productivity. When addressed, these driving factors would motivate other driving factors, contributing to higher research productivity. In particular, these findings encourage higher education institutions to (1) efficiently allocate research funds and design mentoring programs, (2) offer efficient research incentive schemes, (3) develop initiatives that would support promising research proposals beneficial to the institution, and (4) collaborate with external organizations to grant funding for research proposals. These results contribute significantly to the literature as it provides meaningful insights that aid decision-makers in higher education institutions in resource allocation decisions, policy-making, and the design of efficient initiatives for augmenting their innovation potential.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030147
Authors: Carla Henriques Clara Viseu
We evaluated the execution of the operational programs (OPs) committed to encouraging the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this goal, we employed a novel three-stage weighted Russel directional distance (WRDD) data envelopment analysis (DEA) model in conjunction with stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), which considers indicators officially mandated by the European Union (EU) and environmental factors, to evaluate 51 OPs from 16 EU countries. All in all, we concluded that by removing the environmental factors, about 30% of the OPs (16) reached an efficient procedural performance against 20% (10). The OP more frequently viewed as a benchmark regardless of the environmental factors is “Multi-regional Spain—ERDF” that remains robustly efficient within 5% and 10% tolerances. Without the removal of the environmental factors, the “number of operations supported” is the indicator that requires more attention from management authorities (MAs), whereas with their removal one-third of the OPs need to further reduce the “eligible costs decided” and improve “eligible spending”. According to our findings, more developed regions and a higher rate of ICT specialists seem to be related to an underuse of ERDF funds dedicated to boosting ICT in SMEs. These findings might be related to the administrative burden and the lack of ability of SMEs to deal with the various procedures for applying for and implementing European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) projects. Overall, it is critical to provide further support that simplifies administrative procedures and addresses SMEs’ specific requirements.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030146
Authors: Sanmugam Annamalah Kalisri Logeswaran Aravindan Murali Raman Pradeep Paraman
The open innovation concept is a comparatively new model, and there is an absence of empirical evidence to support a conclusive determination of the factors that affect open innovation, especially in terms of behaviour and costs. Researchers have proposed a variety of methods and techniques for characterising open innovation, but those metrics are overly broad because new approaches that demonstrate current practices were not included. As a result, it is critical to recognise new methods in developing countries to assist SMEs in understanding open innovation and its practices. As such, this study aims to bridge the gap in the literature pertaining to behavioural and cost factors that impact the adoption of open innovation, with an appropriability regime as a moderating factor in determining the success of adoption. This research was undertaken to study the effects of organisational citizenship behaviours, organisational culture, managerial ties, and transactional costs (the predictor variables) on the adoption of open innovation (the criterion variable) and to study the moderating role of an appropriability regime on these relationships. The research used cross-sectional data from a survey of 376 SMEs in Malaysia. This study used quantitative methodology and suitable statistical methods; 376 SME owners, managers, and high-ranking executives participated and completed the survey. A simple random sampling technique was used, and PLS–SEM regression was employed to test the related hypothesis variables. The theories adopted in this research, namely the social exchange theory and the actor–network theory, pave the way for quantitative research. The results revealed that organisational citizenship behaviours predict open innovation positively and significantly. A highly integrative culture was also found to relate positively to open innovation. In addition, managerial ties and transactional costs were found to facilitate open innovation. With respect to open innovation, appropriability regimes were found to strongly moderate the relationships between managerial ties and transactional costs. However, appropriability regimes did not strongly moderate the relationships between organisational citizenship behaviours and organisational culture.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030145
Authors: Mark Turner Joseph Kim Seung-Ho Kwon
Over the past two decades, Korea has established and maintained itself as one of the world’s leaders in e-government. This study explains why this has happened by using a political economy analysis. Qualitative case study methods have been utilized to enable sensemaking of Korea’s successful e-government development trajectory. Five complementary factors have been identified to account for this success. They are the legacy of the developmental state in defining government’s role in economic development; the impact of democratization on the nature of e-government services and provision; the shock impact of the Asian Financial Crisis that led to accelerated e-government development; the creation and maintenance of an effective policy process; an effective system of public administration. These factors have provided both the drivers and context for sustained successful e-government development. While the Korean experience supplies lessons for other countries’ e-government development, the whole model is not replicable as it is based on the particularities of Korean development.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030144
Authors: Roberta Andrade Paulo Pinheiro Luísa Carvalho Raysa Rocha
Entrepreneurial ecosystems remain under-theorised and conceptually fragmented, making it challenging to comprehend their disposition and performance in the business process. Accordingly, in this research, we explored how knowledge sharing flows through entrepreneurial ecosystems to make analyses and trials to assess new ventures’ creation, continuity, and development opportunities. We carried out a systematic literature review on the Web of Science database. The analysis was carried out in two stages: (i) content analysis using NVivo software and (ii) statistical processing and clustering with the support of VOSviewer and Bibliometrix software. Moreover, we reviewed entrepreneurial literature and proposed conceptual model mapping relations through all main actors and knowledge flow in ecosystems. Our findings suggest the knowledge path in the near field sharing mechanisms resulting in a new conception of traditional structures and relations used to judge and decide how to assess opportunities for new ventures’ opening, maintenance, and growth. This study contributes to entrepreneurial literature, demonstrating knowledge sharing flow through entrepreneurial ecosystems, considering an embracing, dynamic, and multilevel approach. Furthermore, it highlights political and social contributions to include new emergent perspectives: resource scarcity and structural and institutional gaps. This representation is the first knowledge management model applied to different economies and areas, respecting their singularities.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030143
Authors: Yana S. Matkovskaya Elena Vechkinzova Valeriy Biryukov
Ecosystem business models are becoming widespread in the modern economy; their potential is increasingly understood by financial institutions. Banks become part of the ecosystems and some of them initiate their creation, seeing in this business model an opportunity for their development. However, not all the possibilities of the ecosystem business model are sufficiently recognized by banks. Meanwhile, becoming “orchestrators” of ecosystems, banks get new opportunities, taking on new management functions that require the development of new promising competencies. This aspect predetermined the goal of this article—to explore the essence and development prospects of banking ecosystems and create a model for the establishment of additional innovative and technological advantages for banking ecosystems, allowing the bank to create conditions for long-term competitive advantages. Methods of comparative analysis, statistical methods, modeling methods, and cluster and regression analysis were applied. The results: a model of technological increment that formed during the functioning of the banking ecosystem has been developed; the authors established that the orchestration of the ecosystem by the bank creates opportunities for the formation of new profit centers because of the formation’s greater number of innovative technologies and the possibility to dispose the intellectual property.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030142
Authors: Aldo Alvarez-Risco Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales Marc A. Rosen Jaime A. Yáñez
The current study aims to validate and apply an instrument to assess the relationship between institutional support, technological literacy, and self-efficacy on the intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse using social cognitive theory. We performed a cross-sectional, analytical study of 410 citizens in Peru to assess the influence of institutional support, technological literacy, and self-efficacy on the intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research model was validated using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to establish the influence of variables on the model. Institutional support and technological literacy were found to influence the self-efficacy of participating in the metaverse positively by correlations of 0.573 and 0.257, respectively. Self-efficacy of participating positively influenced the intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse by 0.808. The model explained 65.4% of the intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse. Bootstrapping demonstrated that the path coefficients of the research model were statistically significant. The research outcomes may help firms to develop planning and investment in the metaverse, as well as understanding the factors that influence a higher intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030141
Authors: Nahiyah Jaidi Siswantoyo Jane Liu Zahrotush Sholikhah Mega Murti Andhini
Disruptive innovation forces small-business managers to innovate by carrying out exploitation and exploration activities simultaneously. This ambidexterity is crucial to the survival of today’s businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In the organizational structure of SMEs, the manager and owner play an essential role in determining the business orientation. This study examined the influence of SME managers’ social networks on the organization’s ambidexterity and its impact on the firm’s innovation performance. This study used two moderating variables in the form of two internal factors in respect to managers: how proactive they are and their commitment to innovation. The study population was drawn from SMEs in the creative manufacturing sector in Indonesia and Taiwan, with a total sample of 224 SMEs, including 101 from Indonesia and 123 from Taiwan. The analytical technique was the PLS-SEM, conducted by the Smart-PLS software version 3.3.6: Hamburg, Germany. The results supported the construction in both countries. The results of the multiple-group analysis show that the SMEs in Indonesia exhibited greater ambidexterity, commitment to innovation, and innovation performance than those in Taiwan.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030140
Authors: António Carrizo Moreira Eurico Colarinho Navaia Cláudia Ribau
Innovation capabilities are among the main driving sources of export performance; however, the literature on how exploration and exploitation innovation influence export performance in the context of emerging economies is scarce. As such, the purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between innovation capabilities and export performance, mediated by exploration and exploitation innovation. For that, an online questionnaire was implemented surveying 250 Mozambican Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the agro-industry, agro-processing, and fishing sectors. Based on a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) relating innovation capabilities, exploitation, and exploration innovation to export performance, it is possible to state that innovation capabilities influence the export performance of SMEs in this emerging country. Moreover, exploration and exploitation innovation exert important mediation effects, the latter being more prevalent than the former. The results constitute a major contribution as it is possible to claim that, in the context of emerging economies, Mozambican SMEs have managed to enhance their export performance, based on innovation capabilities, but, also, to master their ambidexterity with exploiting capabilities, normally linked to their current technological trajectories, being more prevalent that exploitation capabilities, which are focused on the pursuit of radical innovation.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030139
Authors: Aleksandra Kuzior Olena Arefieva Olha Vovk Paulina Brożek
This article is devoted to the formation of methodological foundations of the circular economy on the safety of industrial enterprises. The dependence of the system of economic security from the circular economy concept is implemented by the 3 R model. The model is based on the consistency of quantitative, value and normative indicators. These indicators together allow a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics and direction of the process of implementation of technologies of circular use of resources. The main factors of influence of the circular economy concept on the security of industrial enterprises are resource provision, secondary use of materials and results. To establish the sequence of analysis, we used the mathematical toolkit of factor analysis based on determining the set of factors and their forming indicators. The conducted assessment of the impact of the circular economy concept on the system of economic security of industrial enterprises allows us to state the monopoly of individual sectors of industry, and shows the overall picture of dependence without a position on the level of technology renewal and eco-innovation of production support technologies.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030138
Authors: Mohd Faizal Abdul Ghani Mohd Hizam-Hanafiah Rosmah Mat Isa Hamizah Abd Hamid
Previous literature has acknowledged franchising as a great way for businesses to expand into new areas and opportunities. It has become a popular option for those who are looking to start their businesses by choosing a well-known company’s brand name and a ready-made business operation, or existing entrepreneurs who want to franchise their firms. Franchising a business contributes to the GDP of the countries involved, including Malaysia. However, little is known about what drives the growth of franchised firms, particularly in emerging countries such as Malaysia. Hence, this study aims to identify the growth factors of franchising, from both the franchisors’ and franchisees’ viewpoints. Therefore, from this dyad relationship, the analysis can provide comprehensive views of the growth factors of franchises. Interestingly, as this study was conducted during the pandemic COVID-19, the findings would include the pandemic situation that reflects the business environment. Therefore, the case study method was adopted, which involved semi-structured interviews with five service firms from two different brands, including franchisors and franchisees. The findings show that three growth factors emerged from this study: product and service innovation, franchisor-franchisee tolerance, and government support. This study contributes to obtaining a deeper grasp of the growth factors of franchisors and franchisees. Moreover, this study contributes to developing an effective franchising business process model as guidance for franchisors, franchisees and policymakers. This study also provides avenues for future research.
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Authors: Amit Tariyal Swati Bisht Vinay Rana Santanu Roy Sumit Pratap
In this contemporary world, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) platforms (or media) have become a prerequisite information source for online surfers, especially when planning excursions. However, tourists refer to the reviews of these platforms based on utilitarian and hedonic aspects. The utilitarian value enhances users’ task performance, whereas the hedonic value is related to pleasure and inner feelings. The present work was undertaken to study the importance of various utilitarian and hedonic determinants, and analyses their influence on the perceived usefulness (PU) of eWOM media and subsequent online booking decisions (OBD) for tourist destinations in India. In addition, the study investigates whether the influence of PU of eWOM media on OBD varies according to gender. A conceptual model was introduced based on data analysis done through SPSS 23 and AMOS 23. The model was empirically validated based on sample data comprising 338 Indian tourists. The purposive sampling technique was used in the current study, and only those samples who referred to eWOM media for information search were accepted. The findings indicate that utilitarian and hedonic determinants significantly influence tourist decision-making. TripAdvisor was the most popular web portal, followed by other social networking sites among the preferred sources of tourist destination information. The moderating analysis revealed that the impact of eWOM media PU on OBD was higher in males than in females. The study suggests that website designers and administrators design the contents according to the needs identified.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030136
Authors: Ahmad Samed Al-Adwan Mohammad Kasem Alrousan Husam Yaseen Amer Muflih Alkufahy Malek Alsoud
Despite the fact that online purchase intention has been widely investigated, little is known about the e-retailer-based signals used to reduce online customers’ uncertainty perception in high-uncertainty-avoidance (UA) societies. Thus, based on signaling and uncertainty literature, this study investigates return policy leniency (RPL), cash on delivery (COD), and social commerce constructs (SCCs) as the costly signals e-retailers use to increase perceived trust and reduce perceived purchase uncertainty among customers in high-UA societies. An analysis of empirical data from 560 e-commerce users from Jordan reveals that RPL, COD, and SCCs are key enablers of customer trust. Furthermore, customer trust is positively associated with customer purchase intention. The implications for both theory and practice are highlighted.
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Authors: Ismael Barros-Contreras Manuel Morales-Serazzi Angel Torres-Toukoumidis Jesús Manuel Palma-Ruiz
This study addressed the connection between the organisational performance of data analytics and the elements that contribute to knowledge integration (KI) in family businesses under the scope of the knowledge-based view theory. The conceptual model was validated based on the responses of 135 directors of Chilean family firms by using a partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology. The results show a relationship between the three components of KI and their impact on the organisational performance of data analytics, in addition to the moderating effects of both the quality of information and the information alignment within the proposed model. Our findings contribute data analytics to the family business literature and support organisational management by encouraging cooperation and the sharing of information and expertise among family members.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030134
Authors: Beatriz Corchuelo Martínez-Azúa Celia Sama-Berrocal
This study focuses on the analysis of the innovation activity of agribusiness in Extremadura (Spain). Using as main variables the objectives of and barriers to innovation perceived by agri-food companies, its objective is threefold: (1) to analyse how the objectives of and barriers to innovation influence the companies’ willingness to innovate and competitiveness; (2) to investigate how innovation objectives (strategies) influence the type of innovation developed; (3) to study how barriers to innovation influence the demand for several public actions. The data used for this study were taken from an ad hoc questionnaire sent to agri-food companies from Extremadura during the months of February to April 2021. The results show the influence of the objectives and barriers on the variables analysed (willingness to innovate and competitiveness, types of innovation, and demand for government actions). Specifically, uncertainty and lack of knowledge are barriers that negatively influence the willingness to innovate. Innovative strategies aimed at reducing costs, respecting regulations and the environment, focusing on production and demand, and expanding the market have a positive influence both on the willingness to innovate and competitiveness. The types of innovation developed (product, process, commercial, organizational) were related to various innovative strategies based on the pursued objectives. Finally, evidence is provided by the barriers that lead companies to request specific actions from public administrations. These results may be useful both for managers of agri-food companies and for public administrations, especially at the regional level, in the design of public policies and actions aimed at encouraging innovation in this industry sector.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030133
Authors: Bożena Gajdzik Radosław Wolniak
The research and development activity of a company determines the innovativeness of enterprises and economies. This kind of activity simultaneously influences the pace of their development and the level of competitiveness. With this in mind, the article—against the background of the characteristics of research and development activities—defines a framework for R&D&I activities for the steel industry in the conditions of popularization of the concept of Industry 4.0 and analyzes expenditures on R&D&I activities in Poland in 2010–2019. This topic is important because steel is one of the most important materials for the construction and the manufacture of steel products. It is very important to adjust the steel industry to the new market condition using research and development activities. The analysis was performed on the basis of data on expenditures on R&D&I activities by internal expenditures on R&D, expenditures on product and business process innovations and outlays on fixed assets for environmental protection through investments. The target of the paper is to find response on the three research questions formulated in the paper: what is the dynamics of the changes in the R&D expenditures in the Polish steel industry in 2010–2019 in comparison with the total industry in the country; what is the dynamics of changes in investment expenditures on new products and business process innovations in the Polish steel industry in 2010–2019; what is the level (dynamics) of investment outlays in environmental innovations in the Polish steel industry in 2010–2019? To conduct this analysis, we used the following methods: critical literature analysis, secondary data analysis, statistical methods. Industry 4.0 implementation in the steel industry has a strong, positive influence on the innovativeness of the company and on spending on innovations. On the basis of the data analyzed in the paper we observed that the increase of expenditure on R&D in the Polish steel industry was similar to that of other industries. As a result of the research, it was found that the dynamics of R&D expenditure in the Polish steel industry was consistent with the dynamics of expenditure calculated for the entire Polish Industry. At the same time, the sharp increase in R&D expenditure since 2018 was related to the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept in the Polish industry. An interesting result of our research is the observed time lag in the form of a postponement of the growth of R&D expenditure after the emergence of the Industry 4.0 concept. We also observed that environmentally fixed capital expenditures may show fluctuating dynamics due to business cycles and legal restrictions to protect the environment. The added value of the publication is the framework of R&D&I activities for the steel industry and an in-depth analysis of R&D&I expenditures on the example of the metal producers in Poland in the last decade of growing interest in the concept of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0).
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030132
Authors: Luciano Mathias Döll Micaela Ines Castillo Ulloa Alexandre Zammar Guilherme Francisco do Prado Cassiano Moro Piekarski
Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) has been receiving increasingly more attention all over the world as a special way for accessing new ideas and innovative opportunities through minor-share investing in established companies. The purpose of CVC investments may either be purely financial or to pursue strategic goals. Organisations often seek to take actions that impact positively on sustainability by assembling related knowledge and technologies. These resources may come from invested startups through the use of a CVC programme. This research aims to measure and analyse the Corporate Venture Capital programmes of companies listed in the ISE B3 Corporate Sustainability Index. To this end, a three-step methodology was conducted. First, a systematic review of the literature took place, followed by a review of companies based on secondary sources such as their websites. Finally, a survey was developed and was opted to survey companies through their Investor Relationship (IR) public channels. Results show that 27 of the companies listed in the ISE B3 Index have CVC programmes that contemplate organizational initiatives besides investment. In this sense, one can claim that at least 70% of the ISE B3 Index companies are somehow involved in CVC operations. The results contribute to the literature on corporate venture capital and sustainability by showing that companies spend from 10% to 15% of their capital in sustainable businesses in order to remain competitive.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030131
Authors: Ulrich Witt
The fact that innovative capitalism needs institutional co-evolution has widely been recognized with respect to pro-active institutional adaptations. Examples are the rearrangement and safeguarding of supply chains or the creation of public institutions providing indispensable systemic infrastructure. These adaptations facilitate the innovative expansion of capitalism. Less attention has been paid to the fact that institutional co-evolution is also necessary where the repercussions of major innovative breakthroughs trigger social tensions and environmental damages or ecological hazards. The present paper is therefore devoted to an investigation of the latter kind of institutional co-evolution. These adaptations are usually reactive ones because critical side effects of innovations often only turn out with a delay. The causal nexus between the dynamics of innovative capitalism and the emergence of critical situations that require re-active institutional adaptations will be discussed by means of two examples. One is the crisis of the global commons, most notable the global climate change. The other example is the recent mass migration crisis. Finally, the policy options regarding necessary institutional adaptations will briefly be outlined for the two examples.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030130
Authors: Seojeong Yang Yoonji Kim Seungho Choi
This paper explores how the traditional incumbents coped with the rapid transition provoked by disruptive innovation in the South Korean retail industry. More specifically, the study concentrates on the challenges incumbents faced and their step-by-step attempts to deal with disruption. Shinsegae affiliates and SSG.COM were chosen as the target companies for our descriptive study. Shinsegae is one of the top three retail conglomerates in South Korea, owning various subsidiary brands. SSG.COM is also one of its subsidiaries, first established as the online distribution channel for Shinsegae affiliates. However, its role has later become expanded and critical, turning into an online marketplace aimed at overcoming disruption in the retail industry. By reviewing SSG.COM’s dynamic responses to disruptive innovation, we found that what makes its incumbents vulnerable to sudden disruption lies in their static business model. Furthermore, the platform economy allowed offline retailers to be easily disrupted by the key characteristic of platform business—the “network effect”. To counteract online market domination, this study implies that SSG.COM should innovate its business model to integrate its online and offline ecosystems successfully.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030129
Authors: Vincent O’Connell Naser AbuGhazaleh Yasean Tahat Garvan Whelan
This paper explores the interrelationship between R&D investment, financial leverage, and a firm’s R&D innovation success. Using a sample of UK and EU firms, we predict that changes in one-year-ahead R&D investment are negatively associated with changes in financial leverage in the current period. Crucially, we also predict that this negative association is positively moderated by the extent to which firms are successful in generating commercially viable and technically feasible innovations from their R&D work. We use insights from International Accounting Standard (IAS) 38: Intangible Assets to measure R&D innovation success. Our empirical findings offer strong support for each of our theoretical predictions. Consequently, we contribute to the extant literature by demonstrating that R&D innovation success influences how firms finance their subsequent investments in R&D. Our work also shows that accounting disclosures have the potential to play an important role in open innovation networks.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030128
Authors: Linda Saulīte Deniss Ščeulovs
While research on traditional media brands has increased in recent years, few studies examine news media brands and their brand strategies, particularly distinctive brand associations unrelated to media brand content and their impact on audience media brand choice and attention. Numerous studies highlight the significance of content as an element of the media brand and its vital role in audience selection. In a market where news and information are oversaturated and comparable, the dilemma for news media companies is what distinguishes them when the news content may be the same across all channels. Multi-platform consumption deludes and decreases brand associations, thus providing media brands with even more challenging brand differentiation and strong brand association management. The younger Generation Z prefers and uses more global and social media platforms than national media from the media audience perspective and future audiences. This audience consumes less national media than global and social media platforms. This is especially true of younger viewers, who are more focused on platforms and experiences. In a setting where cross-platform distribution stresses the significance of media brand associations and content experiences, the capacity of media brands to maintain brand preference and choice in a highly competitive market becomes increasingly crucial. According to the authors’ analysis, data reveals that younger audiences consume less national media and prefer international media, which raises the spectrum of future domestic media audiences. Examining the unique characteristics of media brand associations that positively influence audience preference and media brand choices among younger audiences would not only answer some difficult questions for national media brands concerning how to attract younger audiences, but it would also lay the groundwork for meeting the needs of audiences for a unified media brand experience across numerous platforms, without sacrificing strong and unique media brand associations. This study focuses on national news media brands and analyses the attributes of news media brands, as well as their significance for the Generation Z audience in media brand choice and engagement. The study highlights the importance of content experience in defining the uniqueness of media brands and its effect on brand selection and audience consumption. The authors used linear regression analyses and the decision tree approach to predict the most significant correlations between media brand attributes and brand uniqueness.
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Authors: Ardvin Kester S. Ong Arianne R. Pequeña Yogi Tri Prasetyo Thanatorn Chuenyindee Thapanat Buaphiban Satria Fadil Persada Reny Nadlifatin
The beer industry is one of the businesses affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the exponential growth of the beer industry throughout the years, this aspect of the beverage industry has gained limited attention and has been underexplored. This study aimed to provide a better and up-to-date understanding of Philippine-beer consumers to speed up its recovery. An online survey with 853 volunteer respondents was conducted to investigate Filipinos’ local beer consumption considering frequency, intake, expenses, and preference. A descriptive analysis of the consumers’ self-perceived evaluation of the changes in drinking showed a slight decrease in frequency, intake, and expenses and a minor change in preference. Somers’ d and the chi-squared test results indicated significant relationships between each demographic information (age, sex, and income) and frequency, intake, and expenses. In addition, a conjoint analysis with an orthogonal design indicated that price was the most important attribute (58.025%), followed by primary taste (12.452%), alcohol content (9.706%), mouthfeel (6.445%), aftertaste (6.355%), aroma (5.189%), and, lastly, color (1.827%). The findings of this study could be used as a baseline for improved product offerings, customized advertisements, and market segmentation. Moreover, the results of this study could be applied and extended by breweries to promote and create strategies. Lastly, this study could be extended and utilized by other beverage industries worldwide.
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Authors: Tatyana Tolstykh Leyla Gamidullaeva Nadezhda Shmeleva Sergey Gromov Alexander Ermolenko
In recent years, smart and ecological urbanism and transformations into the new models of city making have become a global mainstream. These are models of the smart city, the eco-city, and the eco-megacity. The article proposes a conceptual approach to the formation of the eco-megacity as a qualitatively new phenomenon in the post-industrial economy. The prerequisites for the transformation of a megapolis into an eco-megacity have been analyzed. The key characteristics of the new phenomenon have been revealed. The role of collaboration as the main factor in increasing the efficiency of interaction processes between ecosystem actors and between ecosystems themselves has been presented. The relationship of the formed ecosystem approaches and the groups of actors during implementation of an institutional project in the megapolis have been determined. It allows for the transformation of a megapolis into an eco-megacity. The ant colony optimization algorithm for studying the symbiosis of socio-economic ecosystems in the megapolis has been proposed. The authors have attempted to contribute to the development of theoretical and methodological aspects of the emerging eco-megacity concept as a new phenomenon of the modern economy.
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Authors: Abdel-Aziz Ahmad Sharabati Shafig Al-Haddad Mohammad Al-Khasawneh Natalie Nababteh Mai Mohammad Qais Abu Ghoush
People use social media not only for social purposes but also for business purposes. It is used in management and marketing as a tool to manage organizations and market products and services, especially to influence customers’ intention and satisfaction. Therefore, the research purpose is to define factors that influence continuous intention to use TikTok in Jordan and to what extent satisfaction with TikTok influences continuous intention to use TikTok. The current research uses a quantitative cross-sectional approach. Data was collected by online surveys and shared on several social media sites such as WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook. A total of 402 responses were valid for further analysis. Then, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed. The results indicate that the following factors significantly affect satisfaction: self-expression, informativeness, a sense of belonging, and trendiness in TikTok. However, the following factors do not significantly affect satisfaction: sociability, affection in TikTok, and past time in TikTok. The factors can explain 48.5% of satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction has a positive significant influence on users’ continuous intention to use TikTok and can explain 30.6% of the user’s continuous intention to use TikTok. In conclusion, the organizations have to heavily use the factors that influence the users’ satisfaction to increase users’ continuous intention.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030124
Authors: Marta Martín-Llaguno María J. Vilaplana-Aparicio Isabel Gandía-Solera
Spain is at the bottom in the absorption of European funds, and there is a need to research why. This paper starts from the idea that the problem could, among other issues, be related to the ineffectiveness of administrative communication, both in terms of transparency and dissemination. These dimensions are key for the innovation and open government principles endorsed by the better regulation initiative of the EU and have hardly been studied in this respect by academics. For the period 2021–2027, Spain will receive more than 34,692 million euros from the ERDF and ESF+ funds. The autonomous communities and cities must report on this aid based on communication plans and strategies for the operational programs. After compiling them, assessing their ease of access and analyzing some of their characteristics, such as the levels of execution of their budgets, this research analyzes how the 19 official websites inform about the ERDF and ESF. In several cases, the results point to inefficient institutional management of budgets for communication, as well as obstacles to accessing online content, which is key to transparency. The extent to which these shortcomings may be related to the lack of demand for European funding could be analyzed in future studies.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030123
Authors: Gilson Adamczuk Oliveira Gisele Taís Piovesan Dalmarino Setti Shoji Takechi Kim Hua Tan Guilherme Luz Tortorella
Facing the new challenges in production processes, companies should adopt lean and green practices in product development. In SMEs, the application of these practices is more complex. This work explores the maturity of lean–green methodologies in the product development process in Brazilian and Japanese SMEs. The methodology used is multicriteria, combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS 2-tuple method, applied to four Japanese SMEs and four Brazilian SMEs in the metalworking sector. The criteria for evaluating SMEs are company flexibility, difficulties with NPD, innovation, limited resources, and personnel authority high. The TOPSIS method alternatives refer to 18 lean–green enablers. In the AHP method, the prioritisation of criteria between Japanese and Brazilian specialists presented divergences. In the Japanese context, the incidence of innovation is predominant, while in the Brazilian context, the most important is the limited resources. In the TOPSIS 2-tuple method, the results showed a higher level of maturity in lean–green methodologies in Japanese companies than in Brazilian ones. Lean practices are more evolved compared to sustainable practices in both countries. The study also addressed how open innovation adoption may contribute to innovation and NPD practices. Policymakers need to understand the heterogeneity of innovators within SMEs and how they differently innovate, developing distinct internal and external activities.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030121
Authors: Magdalena Pichlak Adam R. Szromek
The socio-economic transformations taking place nowadays bring about the necessity to transform the currently dominating linear paradigm of economic growth. The basis for such a transformation is, first of all, the implementation of sustainable systems of production and consumption, so that they evolve into companies implementing the assumptions of a closed-circle economy. Although the concept of such an economy has been widely accepted by both researchers and practitioners, there is still a lack of thorough recognition of the determinants of its application at the organizational level. Attempting to fill this research gap, this paper addresses the conceptual link between companies’ eco-innovation activities and the CE paradigm. It attempts to assess the importance of eco-innovation, both technological and nontechnological in nature, as determinants of the implementation of the concept of a closed-loop economy. The prospects for the implementation of a closed-loop economy are described, then the concepts and types of eco-innovation are organized, and finally the role of eco-innovation as a catalyst for the implementation of the CE concept is explained. The article also indicates the most important management practices, understood as strategic actions necessary in the process of generating and implementing innovations leading to the realization of the idea of reverse material flows. As a consequence of the discussion, the proposition suggested herein is to develop the existing circular business models by taking into account the eco-innovative activities of enterprises. The article is also an attempt to start a discussion on the category of open eco-innovations and to popularize the practice of open access to eco-innovations.
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Authors: Adrián Csordás János Pancsira Péter Lengyel István Füzesi János Felföldi
The traditional global food supply chains are not just complex, but they do not support the sustainability of agriculture. The business models with the greatest growth potential are those that would allow consumers to buy more directly from producers. Before COVID-19, these alternatives were not just popular but had a relatively high market share compared to post COVID-19 era. However, due to the pandemic and the changes in consumers’ purchasing behavior, the players of short food supply chains had to adapt to the new circumstances. This is why business model innovation is nowadays a priority, which means a substantial renewal of the value delivered to customers, and a significant transformation of the processes and activities of the company/network. The study aimed to examine the dynamic innovation through applied digital marketing solutions that could open up new sales channels and increase the competitiveness of the companies involved. Since Austria is one of the “greenest” countries, its consumers are interested in purchasing sustainably, so they strive to buy directly from the producers. This motivates the authors to use its representative sample to investigate how well adapted the Austrian direct sellers are to the unsteady circumstances. Based on a previous research framework, a principal component analysis was applied and the elements defined therein were the variables of non-hierarchical clustering. The used methods highlight the lack of online distribution and marketing of the farmer shops, which could multiply the harmful effects of the pandemic. The classification of the shops demonstrated the generally low share of innovative direct sellers. We conclude that in the new era, businesses that effectively apply open business innovation models will be able to compete in the market.
]]>Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity doi: 10.3390/joitmc8030120
Authors: Evon M. Abu-Taieh Issam AlHadid Sabah Abu-Tayeh Ra’ed Masa’deh Rami S. Alkhawaldeh Sufian Khwaldeh Ala’aldin Alrowwad
Mobile banking is a service provided by a bank that allows full remote control of customers’ financial data and transactions with a variety of options to serve their needs. With m-banking, the banks can cut down on operational costs whilst maintaining client satisfaction. This research examined the most crucial factors that could predict the Jordanian customer’s continued intention toward the use of m-banking. Following the proposed model, the research was conducted by using a self-conducted questionnaire and the responses were collected electronically from a convenience sample of 403 Jordanian customers of m-banking through social networks. The suggested model was adapted from the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and the technology acceptance model (TAM). The research model was further expanded by considering the factors of service quality and moderating factors (age, gender, educational level, and Internet experience). The collected data of customers were analyzed, validated, and verified by using a structural equation modeling (SME) approach including a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), in addition to machine learning (ML) methods, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SMO), bagging reduced error pruning tree (RepTree), and random forest. Results showed that effort expectancy, performance expectancy, perceived risk, perceived trust, social influence, and service quality impacted behavioral intention, whereas facilitating conditions did not. Furthermore, behavioral intention impacted upon word of mouth and facilitating conditions (the latter regarding the continued intention to use m-banking), and had the highest coefficient value. Results also confirmed that all moderating factors affect the behavioral intention to continue using m-banking applications.
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