A Survey of Resource Allocation Techniques for Cellular Network’s Operation in the Unlicensed Band
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. Channel Access Mechanisms
3.1. License Assisted Access with Listen before Talk (LAA-LBT)
- In Category 1, no LBT is performed (similar to CSAT discussed in the next subsection).
- The Category 2 consists of LBT without random back-off.
- An LBT with a random back-off with fixed size of contention window is performed in Category 3.
- The Category 4 consists of LBT with random back-off with variable size of contention window.
- the channel access time,
- the transmit power,
- the backoff window,
- the defer period and extended clear channel assessment (ECCA).
3.2. Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission (Csat)
4. Channel Selection for LTE Operation in the Unlicensed Band
- Fully distributed scenario with each LTE based SC independently selecting the channel in the unlicensed band.
- Scenario with intra-operator coordination, such that all SC’s of an operator share information and jointly perform channel selection for the LTE’s operation in the unlicensed band.
- Inter-operator coordination scenario, where all operators in the vicinity of each other share LTE’s channel selection information for the unlicensed band.
- Inter-RAT coordination scenario in which multiple LTE operators share channel selection information even with nearby Wi-Fi networks.
- Supplemental Downlink: The unlicensed channel is used to carry only data traffic in downlink. The uplink and control channels remain on the licensed spectrum.
- Carrier Aggregation: The uplink and downlink data can be transmitted over both unlicensed and licensed channel. However, the control channel remains in the licensed spectrum.
- Standalone: Data and control information on the downlink and uplink is sent completely on the unlicensed spectrum.
5. Fairness
6. Coverage, Capacity, and Coordination in LTE-U
- For coverage test: 20 dBm,
- For capacity test: 16 dBm,
- For single-operator test: 8 dBm,
- For multi-operator test: 16 dBm.
- Scenario 1 (Worst Coordination) Non Co-Located SCs with fully time aligned CSAT gating cycle.
- Scenario 2 (Worst Coordination) Co-Located SCs with fully time aligned overlapping CSAT gating cycle.
- Scenario 3 (Best Coordination) Co-Located SCs using proposed ICIC in [7] to get orthogonal non-overlapping CSAT gating cycle.
- Scenario 4 (Random No Coordination) Co-Located SCs using randomly partially aligned overlapping CSAT gating cycle.
7. LTE-U’s Evaluation in Diverse Traffic Type, Environments, and Scenarios
8. Latency and Handover Analysis for LTE-U
9. 5G New Radio
- Carrier Aggregation within gNodeB,
- Dual connectivity across eNodeBs,
- LTE anchor in licensed spectrum,
- 5G NR anchor in licensed spectrum,
- Uplink only in licensed spectrum,
- Downlink only in unlicensed spectrum with the stand-alone operation.
10. Multefire
11. Open Issues in LTE-U
12. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scale with users | Scale with APs/BSs | Scale with Operators | References | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Channel Access Mechanisms | CSAT Based | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | [35,53] |
✔ | X | X | [19,31,54,55] | ||
X | ✔ | X | [48] | ||
✔ | ✔ | X | [39,50,66] | ||
Not specified | [49,58] | ||||
LAA-LBT Based | ✔ | ✔ | X | [27,28] | |
X | ✔ | ✔ | |||
✔ | X | X | [6,21,42,61,62,64] | ||
X | ✔ | X | [23,25,63,65,67,73] | ||
Not specified | [20,26,33,41,68,69,70,71] | ||||
Channel Selection Schemes | Type of Scheme | References | |||
Coordinated approach for joint channel selection | [57,75] | ||||
Spatial adaptive play based channel selection method | [49] | ||||
Mode selection | [29] | ||||
Repeated game and learning based channel selection | [47] | ||||
Q-learning based channel selection | [44,46] |
Buffer | Uplink Downlink | Comment | References |
---|---|---|---|
Saturated | Uplink | NA | [50] |
Downlink | TDD | [39,53] | |
FDD | [31] | ||
Not specified | [6,7,8,20,21,29,35,44,50,57,60,66,67,76,82,83] | ||
Non-saturated | Uplink | TDM | [81] |
Downlink | Voice traffic | [14,27,43,69] | |
FTP traffic | [14,69,84] | ||
Not specified | [6,40,48,58,68,70,78,85] | ||
Not specified | [54,71,86] |
Indoor/Outdoor | Coordinated/Distributed | Comment | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Simulation based | Indoor | Distributed | WaltSystem | [86] |
MATLAB | [3,60] | |||
Outdoor | Coordinated | MATLAB | [7,80] | |
Distributed | MATLAB | [4,60,80] | ||
NS | [87] | |||
Both | WinProp | [57,80] | ||
Hardware implementations | Experimental evaluations using USRP-based SDR on the ORBIT testbed | [39] | ||
NTT DOCOMO and Huawei’s field trials for LTE-U | [53] | |||
UE of HUAWEI used as U-LTE terminal | [78] |
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Manekiya, M.; Kumar, A.; Yadav, A.; Donelli, M. A Survey of Resource Allocation Techniques for Cellular Network’s Operation in the Unlicensed Band. Electronics 2020, 9, 1464. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091464
Manekiya M, Kumar A, Yadav A, Donelli M. A Survey of Resource Allocation Techniques for Cellular Network’s Operation in the Unlicensed Band. Electronics. 2020; 9(9):1464. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091464
Chicago/Turabian StyleManekiya, Mohammedhusen, Abhinav Kumar, Ashish Yadav, and Massimo Donelli. 2020. "A Survey of Resource Allocation Techniques for Cellular Network’s Operation in the Unlicensed Band" Electronics 9, no. 9: 1464. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091464