Author Contributions
Conceptualization, S.K.; methodology, N.K., S.K.; software, N.K.; validation, N.K., S.K. and J.B.; formal analysis, S.K.; investigation, N.K.; resources, N.K.; data curation, N.K., C.P.; writing—original draft preparation, N.K.; writing—review and editing, S.K.; visualization, C.P.; supervision, S.K.; project administration, S.K.; funding acquisition, S.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Figure 1.
Block diagram of the electric vehicle.
Figure 1.
Block diagram of the electric vehicle.
Figure 2.
Diagram of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system on the vehicle: (a) internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle and (b) battery electric vehicle (BEV).
Figure 2.
Diagram of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system on the vehicle: (a) internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle and (b) battery electric vehicle (BEV).
Figure 3.
Structure of the electric compressor.
Figure 3.
Structure of the electric compressor.
Figure 4.
Setup of a voltage source inverter (VSI).
Figure 4.
Setup of a voltage source inverter (VSI).
Figure 5.
Experimental waveform of the motor current (motor speed = 1000 rpm and motor current = 10 A).
Figure 5.
Experimental waveform of the motor current (motor speed = 1000 rpm and motor current = 10 A).
Figure 6.
Experimental waveforms of the line-to-line voltage of VSI, motor current, capacitor current and AC component of the capacitor voltage.
Figure 6.
Experimental waveforms of the line-to-line voltage of VSI, motor current, capacitor current and AC component of the capacitor voltage.
Figure 7.
The constructions of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor (Al-Cap): (a) the cylinder construction and (b) the cross section of the cylinder shape.
Figure 7.
The constructions of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor (Al-Cap): (a) the cylinder construction and (b) the cross section of the cylinder shape.
Figure 8.
The constructions of the metallized polypropylene film capacitor (MPPF-Cap): (a) the cylinder construction and (b) the cross section of the cylinder shape.
Figure 8.
The constructions of the metallized polypropylene film capacitor (MPPF-Cap): (a) the cylinder construction and (b) the cross section of the cylinder shape.
Figure 9.
Frequency characteristics of ESR values of the electrolytic and film capacitors used in DC capacitor of VSI in electric compressor systems.
Figure 9.
Frequency characteristics of ESR values of the electrolytic and film capacitors used in DC capacitor of VSI in electric compressor systems.
Figure 10.
Frequency characteristics of capacitance values of the electrolytic and film capacitors used in the DC capacitor of VSI in electric compressor systems.
Figure 10.
Frequency characteristics of capacitance values of the electrolytic and film capacitors used in the DC capacitor of VSI in electric compressor systems.
Figure 11.
Frequency characteristics of impedance values of the electrolytic and film capacitors used in the DC capacitor of VSI in electric compressor systems.
Figure 11.
Frequency characteristics of impedance values of the electrolytic and film capacitors used in the DC capacitor of VSI in electric compressor systems.
Figure 12.
Magnitude of DC-link currents of VSI with electrolytic and film capacitors as functions of frequency. (a) electrolytic and (b) film capacitors as functions of frequency.
Figure 12.
Magnitude of DC-link currents of VSI with electrolytic and film capacitors as functions of frequency. (a) electrolytic and (b) film capacitors as functions of frequency.
Figure 13.
Magnitude of DC-link currents of VSI with film (a) and electrolytic (b) capacitors as functions of frequency. At motor speed = 1000 rpm and phase current amplitude = 20 A.
Figure 13.
Magnitude of DC-link currents of VSI with film (a) and electrolytic (b) capacitors as functions of frequency. At motor speed = 1000 rpm and phase current amplitude = 20 A.
Figure 14.
Magnitude of DC-link currents of VSI with film (a) and electrolytic (b) capacitors as functions of frequency. At motor speed = 5000 rpm and phase current amplitude = 10 A.
Figure 14.
Magnitude of DC-link currents of VSI with film (a) and electrolytic (b) capacitors as functions of frequency. At motor speed = 5000 rpm and phase current amplitude = 10 A.
Figure 15.
Percent RMS of DC-link currents of VSI with electrolytic (a) and film (b) capacitors as functions of speed and motor current.
Figure 15.
Percent RMS of DC-link currents of VSI with electrolytic (a) and film (b) capacitors as functions of speed and motor current.
Figure 16.
Percent RMS DC-link current values obtained by the VSI with electrolytic and film capacitors as functions of motor currents.
Figure 16.
Percent RMS DC-link current values obtained by the VSI with electrolytic and film capacitors as functions of motor currents.
Figure 17.
Percent RMS DC-link current obtained by the VSI with electrolytic and film capacitors versus motor speed.
Figure 17.
Percent RMS DC-link current obtained by the VSI with electrolytic and film capacitors versus motor speed.
Figure 18.
Frequency spectra of the capacitor current as functions of frequency at the motor speed of 5000 rpm.
Figure 18.
Frequency spectra of the capacitor current as functions of frequency at the motor speed of 5000 rpm.
Figure 19.
AC component of capacitor voltages (1 V/div, 500 μs/div) from (a) the electrolytic capacitor and (b) the film capacitor.
Figure 19.
AC component of capacitor voltages (1 V/div, 500 μs/div) from (a) the electrolytic capacitor and (b) the film capacitor.
Figure 20.
(a) Peak-to-peak voltage of capacitor. (b) RMS value of the AC component of capacitor voltage obtained by the electrolytic and film capacitors versus motor currents.
Figure 20.
(a) Peak-to-peak voltage of capacitor. (b) RMS value of the AC component of capacitor voltage obtained by the electrolytic and film capacitors versus motor currents.
Figure 21.
Capacitors RMS current as functions of motor speed.
Figure 21.
Capacitors RMS current as functions of motor speed.
Figure 22.
Capacitor losses in (a) electrolytic capacitor (88 ) and (b) film capacitor (10 ) as functions of motor speed and motor current of the electric compressor system.
Figure 22.
Capacitor losses in (a) electrolytic capacitor (88 ) and (b) film capacitor (10 ) as functions of motor speed and motor current of the electric compressor system.
Figure 23.
Comparative results of losses in the two capacitors used in the electric compressor systems.
Figure 23.
Comparative results of losses in the two capacitors used in the electric compressor systems.
Figure 24.
Heat generation by the electrolytic and film capacitor as functions of the motor current.
Figure 24.
Heat generation by the electrolytic and film capacitor as functions of the motor current.
Figure 25.
Heat generation by the electrolytic and film capacitor as functions of the motor speed.
Figure 25.
Heat generation by the electrolytic and film capacitor as functions of the motor speed.
Table 1.
Properties of interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor.
Table 1.
Properties of interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor.
Character | Properties |
---|
Rated Power (kW) | 4.0 |
Rated Speed (rpm) | 6000 |
Maximum Speed (rpm) | 8600 |
Rated Torque (Nm) | 6.3 |
Poles/Slots | 8/12 |
Winding method | Concentrated method |
Type of PM | V-shape |
Outer diameter of stator (mm) | 94 |
Outer diameter of rotor (mm) | 48.6 |
Air gap (mm) | 0.5 |
Depth of lamination (mm) | 47 |
Br of PM (T) | 1.39 |
Resistance per phase () | 0.37 |
Table 2.
Percent RMS DC-link current obtained by the VSI with electrolytic and film capacitor at an rpm range of 800–2000.
Table 2.
Percent RMS DC-link current obtained by the VSI with electrolytic and film capacitor at an rpm range of 800–2000.
Speed (rpm) | 800 | 1000 | 2000 |
---|
Current (A) | Film (%) | Elect (%) | Film (%) | Elect (%) | Film (%) | Elect (%) |
---|
1 | 135.46 | 110.96 | 109.07 | 84.42 | 65.48 | 43.02 |
2 | 77.62 | 55.79 | 71.65 | 43.69 | 52.21 | 26.12 |
3 | 66.24 | 38.72 | 61.02 | 32.27 | 49.85 | 20.89 |
4 | 62.65 | 28.62 | 58.70 | 27.53 | 48.38 | 18.91 |
5 | 58.97 | 28.27 | 56.34 | 24.86 | 48.16 | 17.98 |
6 | 57.87 | 26.24 | 54.10 | 23.30 | 47.35 | 17.14 |
7 | 56.84 | 24.45 | 54.19 | 22.15 | 47.47 | 16.59 |
8 | 56.22 | 23.22 | 53.30 | 21.70 | 47.07 | 16.23 |
9 | 54.93 | 22.50 | 52.90 | 20.72 | 47.12 | 15.87 |
10 | 54.95 | 22.07 | 52.45 | 19.89 | 47.44 | 15.31 |
11 | 54.21 | 21.14 | 52.00 | 19.46 | 47.81 | 16.87 |
12 | 54.27 | 20.95 | 51.84 | 18.91 | 48.52 | 15.97 |
13 | 53.80 | 18.65 | 52.20 | 18.36 | 49.57 | 14.55 |
14 | 53.52 | 18.82 | 51.43 | 18.10 | 50.44 | 14.53 |
15 | 53.17 | 18.65 | 51.31 | 17.62 | 50.69 | 13.94 |
16 | 52.71 | 18.55 | 51.44 | 17.03 | 52.40 | 13.86 |
17 | 52.87 | 18.05 | 51.36 | 15.75 | 52.28 | 13.59 |
18 | 52.64 | 17.22 | 51.08 | 16.27 | N/A | N/A |
19 | 52.79 | 17.17 | 51.31 | 15.95 | N/A | N/A |
20 | 52.73 | 16.27 | 51.46 | 15.44 | N/A | N/A |
Table 3.
Percent RMS DC-link current obtained by the VSI with electrolytic and film capacitor at an rpm range of 3000–6000.
Table 3.
Percent RMS DC-link current obtained by the VSI with electrolytic and film capacitor at an rpm range of 3000–6000.
Speed (rpm) | 3000 | 4000 | 5000 | 6000 |
---|
Current (A) | Film (%) | Elect (%) | Film (%) | Elect (%) | Film (%) | Elect (%) | Film (%) | Elect (%) |
---|
1 | 54.90 | 34.64 | 48.15 | 24.90 | 40.10 | 22.41 | 161.07 | 37.82 |
2 | 46.94 | 20.38 | 41.38 | 15.94 | 36.17 | 14.20 | 45.72 | 16.78 |
3 | 45.56 | 16.73 | 40.55 | 13.19 | 35.07 | 11.76 | 41.89 | 12.00 |
4 | 45.39 | 15.23 | 42.73 | 11.77 | 35.56 | 10.91 | 49.68 | 14.16 |
5 | 44.22 | 14.67 | 43.06 | 11.95 | 37.17 | 10.35 | 61.32 | 12.36 |
6 | 44.22 | 14.53 | 41.73 | 11.64 | 39.29 | 9.61 | N/A | N/A |
7 | 44.33 | 14.01 | 43.66 | 11.25 | 42.32 | 9.35 | N/A | N/A |
8 | 47.45 | 13.75 | 45.07 | 10.81 | 43.04 | 8.85 | N/A | N/A |
9 | 46.30 | 13.51 | 44.69 | 10.59 | 48.00 | 8.25 | N/A | N/A |
10 | 46.11 | 13.09 | 46.17 | 9.75 | 46.67 | 8.08 | N/A | N/A |
11 | 46.81 | 12.68 | 48.82 | 9.38 | 50.15 | 8.16 | N/A | N/A |
12 | 50.30 | 12.24 | 52.15 | 9.12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
13 | 50.06 | 12.04 | 54.70 | 8.70 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
14 | 55.44 | 11.16 | 58.65 | 8.22 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
15 | 58.70 | 10.43 | 64.91 | 7.98 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
16 | 61.82 | 9.96 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
17 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
18 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
19 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
20 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Table 4.
Capacitor RMS current at a speed range of 800–2000 rpm.
Table 4.
Capacitor RMS current at a speed range of 800–2000 rpm.
Speed (rpm) | 800 | 1000 | 2000 |
---|
Current (A) | Film (A) | Elect (A) | Film (A) | Elect (A) | Film (A) | Elect (A) |
---|
1 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.27 |
2 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.55 | 0.51 |
3 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.81 | 0.77 |
4 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 1.10 | 1.03 |
5 | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.71 | 1.37 | 1.29 |
6 | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.94 | 0.87 | 1.66 | 1.55 |
7 | 0.94 | 0.86 | 1.11 | 1.03 | 1.97 | 1.82 |
8 | 1.10 | 0.99 | 1.30 | 1.19 | 2.26 | 2.09 |
9 | 1.27 | 1.14 | 1.48 | 1.37 | 2.58 | 2.39 |
10 | 1.43 | 1.31 | 1.69 | 1.54 | 2.89 | 2.66 |
11 | 1.62 | 1.47 | 1.88 | 1.72 | 3.22 | 2.96 |
12 | 1.79 | 1.62 | 2.10 | 1.91 | 3.54 | 3.23 |
13 | 2.00 | 1.78 | 2.31 | 2.08 | 3.89 | 3.51 |
14 | 2.20 | 1.94 | 2.52 | 2.26 | 4.24 | 3.78 |
15 | 2.40 | 2.11 | 2.74 | 2.45 | 4.58 | 4.08 |
16 | 2.61 | 2.29 | 2.94 | 2.64 | 4.95 | 4.35 |
17 | 2.79 | 2.46 | 3.19 | 2.85 | 5.26 | 4.64 |
18 | 2.99 | 2.65 | 3.47 | 3.03 | N/A | N/A |
19 | 3.22 | 2.83 | 3.67 | 3.22 | N/A | N/A |
20 | 3.46 | 3.04 | 3.94 | 3.43 | N/A | N/A |
Table 5.
Capacitor RMS current at a speed range of 3000–6000 rpm.
Table 5.
Capacitor RMS current at a speed range of 3000–6000 rpm.
Speed (rpm) | 3000 | 4000 | 5000 | 6000 |
---|
Current (A) | Film (A) | Elect (A) | Film (A) | Elect (A) | Film (A) | Elect (A) | Film (A) | Elect (A) |
---|
1 | 0.38 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.60 | 0.57 | 1.36 | 0.61 |
2 | 0.77 | 0.70 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.66 | 1.36 |
3 | 1.15 | 1.06 | 1.47 | 1.39 | 1.79 | 1.72 | 2.36 | 2.02 |
4 | 1.56 | 1.42 | 2.01 | 2.33 | 2.43 | 2.30 | 3.10 | 2.69 |
5 | 1.95 | 1.78 | 2.52 | 2.33 | 3.08 | 2.88 | 4.07 | 3.34 |
6 | 2.37 | 2.16 | 3.06 | 2.83 | 3.73 | 3.51 | N/A | N/A |
7 | 2.78 | 2.54 | 3.63 | 3.33 | 4.42 | 4.10 | N/A | N/A |
8 | 3.24 | 2.94 | 4.20 | 3.84 | 5.11 | 4.76 | N/A | N/A |
9 | 3.67 | 3.34 | 4.76 | 4.36 | 5.89 | 5.35 | N/A | N/A |
10 | 4.09 | 3.74 | 5.32 | 4.87 | 6.53 | 5.97 | N/A | N/A |
11 | 4.53 | 4.15 | 5.93 | 5.39 | 7.36 | 6.59 | N/A | N/A |
12 | 5.05 | 4.55 | 6.57 | 5.88 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
13 | 5.46 | 4.96 | 7.24 | 6.38 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
14 | 6.05 | 5.36 | 7.97 | 6.86 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
15 | 6.60 | 5.74 | 8.84 | 7.35 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
16 | 7.18 | 6.12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
17 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
18 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
19 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
20 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Table 6.
Comparative results of losses in the two capacitors at a speed range of 800–2000 rpm.
Table 6.
Comparative results of losses in the two capacitors at a speed range of 800–2000 rpm.
Speed (rpm) | 800 | 1000 | 2000 |
---|
Current (A) | Film (mW) | Elect (mW) | Film (mW) | Elect (mW) | Film (mW) | Elect (mW) |
---|
1 | 0.25 | 1.99 | 0.25 | 1.95 | 0.30 | 2.28 |
2 | 0.32 | 2.64 | 0.35 | 2.60 | 0.55 | 3.58 |
3 | 0.44 | 3.34 | 0.51 | 3.46 | 0.95 | 5.59 |
4 | 0.60 | 5.95 | 0.72 | 4.88 | 1.54 | 8.54 |
5 | 0.83 | 6.09 | 1.01 | 6.68 | 2.28 | 12.52 |
6 | 1.12 | 7.91 | 1.38 | 9.09 | 3.16 | 16.72 |
7 | 1.48 | 9.82 | 1.84 | 11.85 | 4.37 | 21.75 |
8 | 1.91 | 12.00 | 2.39 | 15.31 | 5.66 | 27.72 |
9 | 2.41 | 15.10 | 3.04 | 18.69 | 7.31 | 34.62 |
10 | 3.02 | 19.38 | 3.83 | 22.13 | 9.24 | 40.27 |
11 | 3.73 | 22.54 | 4.68 | 26.55 | 11.52 | 60.66 |
12 | 4.55 | 27.20 | 5.72 | 30.93 | 14.23 | 65.01 |
13 | 5.54 | 26.32 | 6.95 | 35.12 | 17.66 | 64.16 |
14 | 6.59 | 32.20 | 8.05 | 40.56 | 21.54 | 74.29 |
15 | 7.76 | 37.55 | 9.51 | 45.32 | 25.29 | 79.69 |
16 | 9.03 | 43.97 | 10.97 | 49.72 | 30.97 | 90.05 |
17 | 10.36 | 48.44 | 12.80 | 50.00 | 34.85 | 98.81 |
18 | 11.77 | 51.98 | 14.98 | 60.65 | N/A | N/A |
19 | 13.70 | 59.61 | 16.88 | 66.60 | N/A | N/A |
20 | 15.81 | 62.69 | 19.62 | 71.93 | N/A | N/A |
Table 7.
Comparative results of losses in the two capacitors at a speed range of 3000–6000 rpm.
Table 7.
Comparative results of losses in the two capacitors at a speed range of 3000–6000 rpm.
Speed (rpm) | 3000 | 4000 | 5000 | 6000 |
---|
Current (A) | Film (mW) | Elect (mW) | Film (mW) | Elect (mW) | Film (mW) | Elect (mW) | Film (mW) | Elect (mW) |
---|
1 | 0.34 | 2.56 | 0.39 | 2.68 | 0.44 | 3.50 | 9.79 | 14.59 |
2 | 0.78 | 4.31 | 0.97 | 4.66 | 1.12 | 6.17 | 3.87 | 15.31 |
3 | 1.50 | 7.14 | 1.95 | 7.78 | 2.22 | 9.80 | 6.23 | 16.30 |
4 | 2.61 | 10.95 | 3.78 | 18.14 | 4.02 | 15.28 | 14.19 | 45.63 |
5 | 3.83 | 16.29 | 5.95 | 18.70 | 6.80 | 21.86 | 38.34 | 54.10 |
6 | 5.55 | 23.75 | 8.24 | 26.50 | 10.91 | 28.31 | N/A | N/A |
7 | 7.58 | 30.67 | 12.35 | 34.48 | 17.23 | 36.63 | N/A | N/A |
8 | 11.38 | 39.84 | 17.39 | 42.38 | 23.61 | 45.19 | N/A | N/A |
9 | 14.01 | 49.98 | 21.89 | 52.87 | 37.81 | 49.51 | N/A | N/A |
10 | 17.27 | 59.07 | 28.77 | 55.80 | 44.33 | 60.89 | N/A | N/A |
11 | 21.68 | 68.27 | 39.10 | 63.60 | 62.82 | 79.43 | N/A | N/A |
12 | 29.93 | 76.90 | 53.07 | 71.61 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
13 | 34.71 | 88.42 | 69.48 | 77.23 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
14 | 49.79 | 88.85 | 93.32 | 79.68 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
15 | 64.59 | 89.22 | 132.44 | 87.34 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
16 | 82.10 | 92.98 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
17 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
18 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
19 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
20 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Table 8.
Heat generation by the electrolytic and film capacitor at a speed range of 800–2000 rpm.
Table 8.
Heat generation by the electrolytic and film capacitor at a speed range of 800–2000 rpm.
Speed (rpm) | 800 | 1000 | 2000 |
---|
Current (A) | Film (°C) | Elect (°C) | Film (°C) | Elect (°C) | Film (°C) | Elect (°C) |
---|
1 | 25.01 | 25.02 | 25.01 | 25.02 | 25.01 | 25.02 |
2 | 25.01 | 25.02 | 25.01 | 25.02 | 25.01 | 25.03 |
3 | 25.01 | 25.03 | 25.01 | 25.03 | 25.02 | 25.05 |
4 | 25.01 | 25.05 | 25.02 | 25.04 | 25.03 | 25.07 |
5 | 25.02 | 25.05 | 25.02 | 25.06 | 25.05 | 25.11 |
6 | 25.03 | 25.07 | 25.03 | 25.08 | 25.07 | 25.14 |
7 | 25.03 | 25.08 | 25.04 | 25.10 | 25.10 | 25.19 |
8 | 25.04 | 25.10 | 25.05 | 25.13 | 25.13 | 25.24 |
9 | 25.05 | 25.13 | 25.07 | 25.16 | 25.17 | 25.30 |
10 | 25.07 | 25.17 | 25.09 | 25.19 | 25.21 | 25.35 |
11 | 25.08 | 25.19 | 25.11 | 25.23 | 25.26 | 25.52 |
12 | 25.10 | 25.23 | 25.13 | 25.27 | 25.32 | 25.56 |
13 | 25.13 | 25.23 | 25.16 | 25.30 | 25.40 | 25.55 |
14 | 25.15 | 25.28 | 25.18 | 25.35 | 25.49 | 25.64 |
15 | 25.18 | 25.32 | 25.22 | 25.39 | 25.57 | 25.69 |
16 | 25.21 | 25.38 | 25.25 | 25.43 | 25.70 | 25.78 |
17 | 25.24 | 25.42 | 25.29 | 25.43 | 25.79 | 25.85 |
18 | 25.27 | 25.45 | 25.34 | 25.52 | N/A | N/A |
19 | 25.31 | 25.51 | 25.38 | 25.57 | N/A | N/A |
20 | 25.36 | 25.54 | 25.45 | 25.62 | N/A | N/A |
Table 9.
Heat generation by the electrolytic and film capacitor at a speed range of 3000–6000 rpm.
Table 9.
Heat generation by the electrolytic and film capacitor at a speed range of 3000–6000 rpm.
Speed (rpm) | 3000 | 4000 | 5000 | 6000 |
---|
Current (A) | Film (°C) | Elect (°C) | Film (°C) | Elect (°C) | Film (°C) | Elect (°C) | Film (°C) | Elect (°C) |
---|
1 | 25.01 | 25.02 | 25.01 | 25.02 | 25.01 | 25.03 | 25.22 | 25.13 |
2 | 25.02 | 25.04 | 25.02 | 25.04 | 25.03 | 25.05 | 25.09 | 25.13 |
3 | 25.03 | 25.06 | 25.04 | 25.07 | 25.05 | 25.08 | 25.14 | 25.14 |
4 | 25.06 | 25.09 | 25.09 | 25.16 | 25.09 | 25.13 | 25.32 | 25.39 |
5 | 25.09 | 25.14 | 25.14 | 25.16 | 25.15 | 25.19 | 25.87 | 25.47 |
6 | 25.13 | 25.20 | 25.19 | 25.23 | 25.25 | 25.24 | N/A | N/A |
7 | 25.17 | 25.26 | 25.28 | 25.30 | 25.39 | 25.32 | N/A | N/A |
8 | 25.26 | 25.34 | 25.40 | 25.37 | 25.54 | 25.39 | N/A | N/A |
9 | 25.32 | 25.43 | 25.50 | 25.46 | 25.86 | 25.43 | N/A | N/A |
10 | 25.39 | 25.51 | 25.65 | 25.48 | 26.01 | 25.52 | N/A | N/A |
11 | 25.49 | 25.59 | 25.89 | 25.55 | 26.43 | 25.68 | N/A | N/A |
12 | 25.68 | 25.66 | 26.21 | 25.62 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
13 | 25.79 | 25.76 | 26.58 | 25.67 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
14 | 26.13 | 25.77 | 27.12 | 25.69 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
15 | 26.47 | 25.77 | 28.01 | 25.75 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
16 | 26.87 | 25.80 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
17 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
18 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
19 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
20 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |