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Open AccessArticle
An Improved Localization Method Using Light Detection and Ranging for Indoor Positionings †
by
Yung-Fa Huang
Yung-Fa Huang
,
Ching-Mu Chen
Ching-Mu Chen
Jun-Yuan Liao
Jun-Yuan Liao
Tung-Jung Chan
Tung-Jung Chan
1
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
2
Department of Communication Engineering, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong City, Penghu County 880011, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This article is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled “An Error Cancellation Method for LiDAR Technology Based Trilateration Algorithms in Indoor Positioning,” which was presented at 2025 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics—Taiwan (ICCE—Taiwan), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 16–19 July 2025; pp. 467–468.
Electronics 2025, 14(24), 4904; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14244904 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 November 2025
/
Revised: 4 December 2025
/
Accepted: 11 December 2025
/
Published: 13 December 2025
Abstract
This study proposes a low-cost indoor positioning system based on a single Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor and several fixed reflective reference points. Distances are obtained by trigonometric measurement, and positions are computed by trilateration. In static tests the average error was 7.4 mm. When the target moves at walking speed, small survey errors of the reference points cause the average error to increase to 21.8 mm. Finally, the proposed Reference Point Update Method (RPUM) that continuously corrects reference point coordinates using a moving average of recent residuals reduces the dynamic error from 208.71 mm to 20.34 mm, which is about 90% improvement. The method used in this paper requires no additional hardware and runs in real time.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Huang, Y.-F.; Chen, C.-M.; Liao, J.-Y.; Chan, T.-J.
An Improved Localization Method Using Light Detection and Ranging for Indoor Positionings. Electronics 2025, 14, 4904.
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14244904
AMA Style
Huang Y-F, Chen C-M, Liao J-Y, Chan T-J.
An Improved Localization Method Using Light Detection and Ranging for Indoor Positionings. Electronics. 2025; 14(24):4904.
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14244904
Chicago/Turabian Style
Huang, Yung-Fa, Ching-Mu Chen, Jun-Yuan Liao, and Tung-Jung Chan.
2025. "An Improved Localization Method Using Light Detection and Ranging for Indoor Positionings" Electronics 14, no. 24: 4904.
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14244904
APA Style
Huang, Y.-F., Chen, C.-M., Liao, J.-Y., & Chan, T.-J.
(2025). An Improved Localization Method Using Light Detection and Ranging for Indoor Positionings. Electronics, 14(24), 4904.
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14244904
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