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Volume 14
Issue 23
10.3390/electronics14234682
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Physical Layer Authentication Exploiting Multipath Delay Fingerprints in Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

by
Wei Wang
1,
Cheng Liang
2,
Yuanzhang Shen
2,
Pinchang Zhang
2,* and
Yuanyu Zhang
3,*
1
National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Security, Jiaxing 314000, China
2
School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
3
School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2025, 14(23), 4682; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14234682 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 2 October 2025 / Revised: 19 November 2025 / Accepted: 25 November 2025 / Published: 27 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy Challenges in Next-Generation Wireless Networks)
Versions Notes

Abstract

To effectively address the issue of identity spoofing attacks in millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems, this paper proposes a physical layer authentication (PLA) mechanism that leverages multipath delay fingerprint features to enhance the system’s resilience to impersonation. A detailed mmWave channel model is constructed, and a precise method for estimating and extracting multipath delay features is developed. The device authentication task is formulated as a binary hypothesis testing problem, for which closed-form expressions for the probability of false alarm and the probability of detection are derived, providing a theoretical guarantee for the performance of the proposed scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism can effectively mitigate the threat of identity spoofing in mmWave communication environments.
Keywords: physical layer authentication; wireless channel; multipath delay feature; millimeter-wave systems physical layer authentication; wireless channel; multipath delay feature; millimeter-wave systems

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, W.; Liang, C.; Shen, Y.; Zhang, P.; Zhang, Y. Physical Layer Authentication Exploiting Multipath Delay Fingerprints in Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems. Electronics 2025, 14, 4682. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14234682

AMA Style

Wang W, Liang C, Shen Y, Zhang P, Zhang Y. Physical Layer Authentication Exploiting Multipath Delay Fingerprints in Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems. Electronics. 2025; 14(23):4682. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14234682

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Wei, Cheng Liang, Yuanzhang Shen, Pinchang Zhang, and Yuanyu Zhang. 2025. "Physical Layer Authentication Exploiting Multipath Delay Fingerprints in Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems" Electronics 14, no. 23: 4682. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14234682

APA Style

Wang, W., Liang, C., Shen, Y., Zhang, P., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Physical Layer Authentication Exploiting Multipath Delay Fingerprints in Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems. Electronics, 14(23), 4682. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14234682

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