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Article

A Narrative Review on Key Values Indicators of Millimeter Wave Radars for Ambient Assisted Living

1
Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
2
ETIS UMR 8051, CYU, ENSEA, CNRS, 95000 Cergy, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2025, 14(13), 2664; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132664 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 16 May 2025 / Revised: 23 June 2025 / Accepted: 29 June 2025 / Published: 30 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assistive Technology: Advances, Applications and Challenges)

Abstract

The demographic shift toward an aging population calls for innovative strategies to ensure independence, health, and quality of life in later years. In this context, Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solutions, supported by Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), offer promising advances for non-invasive and continuous support. Commonly, ICTs are evaluated only from the perspectives related to key performance indicators (KPIs); nevertheless, the design and implementation of such technologies must account for important psychological, social, and ethical dimensions. Radar-based sensing systems are emerging as an option due to their unobtrusive nature and capacity to operate without direct user interaction. This work explores how radar technologies, particularly those operating in the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum, can provide core key value indicators (KVIs) essential to aging societies, such as human dignity, trustworthiness, fairness, and sustainability. Through a review of key application domains, the paper illustrates the practical contributions of mmWave radar in aal contexts, underlining how its technical attributes align with the complex needs of elderly care environments and produce value for society. This work uniquely integrates key value indicator (KVI) frameworks with mmWave radar capabilities to address unmet ethical needs in the aal domain. It advances existing literature by proposing a value-driven design approach that directly informs technical specifications, enabling the alignment of engineering choices with socially relevant values and supporting the development of technologies for a more inclusive and ethical society.
Keywords: ambient assisted living; radar; KVI; KPI; elder care; frailty ambient assisted living; radar; KVI; KPI; elder care; frailty

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Gardano, M.; Nocera, A.; Raimondi, M.; Senigagliesi, L.; Gambi, E. A Narrative Review on Key Values Indicators of Millimeter Wave Radars for Ambient Assisted Living. Electronics 2025, 14, 2664. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132664

AMA Style

Gardano M, Nocera A, Raimondi M, Senigagliesi L, Gambi E. A Narrative Review on Key Values Indicators of Millimeter Wave Radars for Ambient Assisted Living. Electronics. 2025; 14(13):2664. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132664

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gardano, Maria, Antonio Nocera, Michela Raimondi, Linda Senigagliesi, and Ennio Gambi. 2025. "A Narrative Review on Key Values Indicators of Millimeter Wave Radars for Ambient Assisted Living" Electronics 14, no. 13: 2664. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132664

APA Style

Gardano, M., Nocera, A., Raimondi, M., Senigagliesi, L., & Gambi, E. (2025). A Narrative Review on Key Values Indicators of Millimeter Wave Radars for Ambient Assisted Living. Electronics, 14(13), 2664. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132664

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