Interference Mitigation Strategies in Beyond 5G Wireless Systems: A Review

Over the past few years, wireless communication has grown dramatically, and the consumer demand for wireless services has seen a significant jump. One of the main challenges for beyond fifth generation (B5G) networks is the increased capacity of the network. The continuously increasing number of network users and the limited radio spectrum in wireless technologies have led to severe congestion in communication channels. This issue leads to traffic congestion at base stations and introduces interference in the network, thereby degrading system capability and quality of service. Interference reduction has thus become a major design challenge in wireless communication systems. This review paper comprehensively explores interference management (IM) strategies in B5G networks. We critically analyze and summarize existing research on interference issues related to device-to-device communication, heterogeneous networks, inter-cell interference, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based frameworks. The paper reviews a wide range of methodologies, highlights the strengths and limitations of state-of-the-art approaches, and discusses standardized techniques such as power control, resource allocation, spectrum separation and mode selection, carrier aggregation, load balancing and cell range expansion, enhanced inter-cell interference coordination, coordinated scheduling and beamforming, coordinated multipoint, and AI-based interference prediction methods. A structured taxonomy and comparative summary are introduced to help categorize these techniques. Several related works based on their methodologies, shortcomings, and future directions have been critically reviewed. In addition, the paper identifies open research challenges and outlines key trends that are shaping future B5G IM systems. A comparative visualization is also provided to highlight dominant and underexplored optimization objectives across IM domains. This review serves as a valuable reference for researchers aiming to understand and evaluate current and emerging solutions for interference mitigation in B5G wireless systems.