An AC-DC Coordinated Scheme for Cascaded Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current to Suppress Wind Power Fluctuations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Cascaded Hybrid HVDC System
2.1. Cascaded Hybrid HVDC System’s Topology
2.2. Hybrid HVDC Control Scheme of the LCC Converter
2.3. Hybrid HVDC Control Schemes of the MMC Converter
3. Schemes of Coordination Control
3.1. Control Schemes of Coordinated Active Power
3.1.1. MMC3 Supplementary Control Given Wind Power Fluctuations
3.1.2. DC Voltage Coordination Scheme Given the Supplementary Control
3.1.3. The Completed Active Coordination Scheme
3.2. Coordinated Reactive Power Control
3.2.1. The Dynamic Limiter
3.2.2. The Coordination Scheme with the Dynamic Limiter
4. Case Study
4.1. Simulations of Static UI Characteristics
4.2. Simulation Control of Coordinated Active Power
4.2.1. The Supplementary Control Verification When Wind Power Fluctuates
4.2.2. Coordinated DC Voltage Control Verification Considering Supplementary Control
4.2.3. Stability Verification of Long-Term Supplementary Control
4.3. Simulations of Dynamic Limiters
5. Conclusions
- The basic control characteristics of the hybrid HVDC system are clarified. Specifically, the design of the supplementary active power control can effectively suppress frequency deviations generated within the near-land regional power grid during wind power disturbances. This mechanism redirects wind power disturbances away from the cascaded multi-infeed MMC inverters, redirecting them instead to other regional power grids. Through this process, other MMCs assume the responsibility of managing these fluctuations, ultimately enhancing the overall system stability.
- In CV control, this coordination scheme ensures the stability of the DC voltage even under the overload condition of the original VSC. This ensures that the hybrid HVDC system remains stable, while simultaneously enhancing its ability to suppress fluctuations, thus improving overall system performance.
- The dynamic limiter is remarkably effective in improving voltage stability. With the aid of this proposed limiter, a significant amount of additional reactive power can be generated, further facilitating the smooth integration of renewable energy sources into the grid.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Abbreviation | Full Name |
AC | Alternating Current |
DC | Direct Current |
LCC | Line Commutated Converter |
VSC | Voltage Sourced Converter |
HVDC | High-Voltage Direct Current |
MMC | Modular Multilevel Converter |
LCC-HVDC | Line Commutated Converter-based High-Voltage Direct Current |
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Part | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|
DC system | direct-current power/MW | 4000 |
direct voltage/kV | 800 | |
direct current/kA | 5 | |
AC system | RMS voltage at rectifier side/kV | 500 |
RMS voltage at inverter side/kV | 500 | |
short-circuit ratio at the rectifier side | 5 | |
short-circuit ratio at the inverter side | 5 | |
LCC on the rectifier side | direct voltage/kV | 800 |
direct current/kA | 5 | |
converter ratio | 500/175 | |
LCC on the inverter side | direct voltage/kV | 380 |
direct current/kA | 5 | |
converter ratio | 500/162 | |
MMC on the inverter side | direct voltage/kV | 400 |
direct current/kA | 5 | |
converter ratio | 500/198 | |
DC transmission line | length/km | 2000 |
resistance/Ω | 6.4 | |
inductance/mH | 1620 |
Symbol | Control Mode |
---|---|
CIA | The Ignition Angle is in Constant Mode |
CC | The Current Control is in Constant Mode |
VDCOL | Voltage-Dependent Current Order Limit Control |
MCL | Minimum Current Limit Control |
CV | The Voltage Control is in Constant Mode |
CEA | The Extinction Angle Control is in Constant Mode |
MAL | Minimum Alpha Angle Control |
Control Strategy | VSC1 | VSC2 | VSC3 |
---|---|---|---|
Active power | CV | CP | CP |
Reactive power | CAC | CAC | CAC |
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Zhou, T.; Li, Q.; Xu, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, D.; Liu, D. An AC-DC Coordinated Scheme for Cascaded Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current to Suppress Wind Power Fluctuations. Electronics 2024, 13, 2847. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142847
Zhou T, Li Q, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Liu D, Liu D. An AC-DC Coordinated Scheme for Cascaded Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current to Suppress Wind Power Fluctuations. Electronics. 2024; 13(14):2847. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142847
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Tingshan, Qian Li, Yufeng Xu, Yizheng Zhao, Deming Liu, and Dong Liu. 2024. "An AC-DC Coordinated Scheme for Cascaded Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current to Suppress Wind Power Fluctuations" Electronics 13, no. 14: 2847. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142847
APA StyleZhou, T., Li, Q., Xu, Y., Zhao, Y., Liu, D., & Liu, D. (2024). An AC-DC Coordinated Scheme for Cascaded Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current to Suppress Wind Power Fluctuations. Electronics, 13(14), 2847. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142847