Engineering, Emulators, Digital Twins, and Performance Engineering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology: The Design and Analysis of Emulators
2.1. Design of Emulators of Systems
2.2. Computer Experiments from Simulations
2.3. Optimising Products and Processes
- Modelling: This can be derived from the results of an initial experiment, purely on theoretical grounds, or by a combination of the two.
- Uncertainty: Characterising uncertainty in the system is describing how the input factors vary.
- Computer experiment design: Plan a computer experimental design of the input factors.
- Generate simulated data: Apply the noise distributions in the computer experimental design.
- Stochastic emulator: Construct a model that relates response variables to the design factor settings.
- Optimisation: Determine a setup that ensures optimisation of both target performance and robustness.
2.4. Other Methods
3. Case Study 1: The Piston Simulator
4. Case Study 2: The PENSIM Simulator
5. Discussion and Conclusions
- A description of emulators that can be derived from computationally intensive models using Gaussian processes.
- Consideration of hybrid models combining physical and simulations-based data.
- Applications of emulators for enhanced monitoring and diagnostics.
- Incorporation of emulators in digital twin platforms.
- An introduction of stochastic emulators to optimise performance and robustness.
- Case studies demonstrating the above.
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Factor | Lower Level | Higher Level |
---|---|---|
S0 | 5 | 15 |
X0 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
pH | 4 | 5 |
T | 293 | 298 |
air | 6 | 8.6 |
agitation | 15 | 29.9 |
time | 250 | 350 |
feed | 0.0226 | 0.0426 |
S0 | X0 | pH | T | Air | Agitation | Time | Feed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9.9994526 | 0.0778006 | 4.8308467 | 297.99973 | 7.2998112 | 15.000027 | 350 | 0.0417674 |
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Kenett, R.S. Engineering, Emulators, Digital Twins, and Performance Engineering. Electronics 2024, 13, 1829. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101829
Kenett RS. Engineering, Emulators, Digital Twins, and Performance Engineering. Electronics. 2024; 13(10):1829. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101829
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenett, Ron S. 2024. "Engineering, Emulators, Digital Twins, and Performance Engineering" Electronics 13, no. 10: 1829. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101829