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Article

Multi-Stage Ensemble-Based System for Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Diagnosis in Fundus Images

by
Carlos A. Vásquez-Rochín
,
Miguel E. Martínez-Rosas
*,
Humberto Cervantes de Ávila
,
Gerardo Romo-Cárdenas
,
Priscy A. Luque-Morales
and
Manuel M. Miranda-Velasco
Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design (FIAD), Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2023, 12(4), 1046; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12041046
Submission received: 15 January 2023 / Revised: 14 February 2023 / Accepted: 17 February 2023 / Published: 20 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embedded and Integrated Circuits and Systems in Real Engineering Applications)
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Abstract

Recent developments in Computer-aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems as a countermeasure to the increasing number of untreated cases of eye diseases related to visual impairment (such as diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration) have the potential to yield in low-to-mid income countries a comfortable and accessible alternative to obtaining a general ophthalmological study necessary for follow-up medical attention. In this work, a multi-stage ensemble-based system for the diagnosis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) is proposed. GON diagnosis is based on a binary classification procedure working in conjunction with a multi-stage block based on image preprocessing and feature extraction. Our preliminary data show similar results compared to current studies considering metrics such as Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, AUC (AUROC), F1score, and the use of Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) as an additional performance metric is proposed.
Keywords: deep learning; computer-aided diagnosis; CNN; glaucoma deep learning; computer-aided diagnosis; CNN; glaucoma

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vásquez-Rochín, C.A.; Martínez-Rosas, M.E.; de Ávila, H.C.; Romo-Cárdenas, G.; Luque-Morales, P.A.; Miranda-Velasco, M.M. Multi-Stage Ensemble-Based System for Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Diagnosis in Fundus Images. Electronics 2023, 12, 1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12041046

AMA Style

Vásquez-Rochín CA, Martínez-Rosas ME, de Ávila HC, Romo-Cárdenas G, Luque-Morales PA, Miranda-Velasco MM. Multi-Stage Ensemble-Based System for Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Diagnosis in Fundus Images. Electronics. 2023; 12(4):1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12041046

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vásquez-Rochín, Carlos A., Miguel E. Martínez-Rosas, Humberto Cervantes de Ávila, Gerardo Romo-Cárdenas, Priscy A. Luque-Morales, and Manuel M. Miranda-Velasco. 2023. "Multi-Stage Ensemble-Based System for Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Diagnosis in Fundus Images" Electronics 12, no. 4: 1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12041046

APA Style

Vásquez-Rochín, C. A., Martínez-Rosas, M. E., de Ávila, H. C., Romo-Cárdenas, G., Luque-Morales, P. A., & Miranda-Velasco, M. M. (2023). Multi-Stage Ensemble-Based System for Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Diagnosis in Fundus Images. Electronics, 12(4), 1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12041046

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