Mineral Resources: Reserves, Peak Production and the Future
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Copper
4. The Future
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Bt | billion metric tons |
CRIRSCO | Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards |
Cu | copper |
GDP | gross domestic production |
JORC | Australian Joint Ore Reserves Committee |
Mt | million metric tons |
SAMREC | South African Mineral Resource Committee |
USGS | U.S. Geological Survey |
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Guidelines | Resource/Reserve Classification |
---|---|
U.S. Geological Survey | U.S. Bureau of Mines and U.S. Geological Survey, 1980, Principles of a resource/reserve classification for minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 831, p. 5 [31] |
International | CRIRSCO (the Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards), a committee of the National Mineral Reserve Reporting Organizations of Australia, Canada, Chile, South Africa, USA, U.K./Ireland and Western Europe has prepared the CRIRSCO International Reporting Template drawing on CRIRSCO-style reporting standards, the JORC Code (Australasia), SAMREC Code (South Africa), Reporting Code (U.K./Ireland/Western Europe), Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum (CIM) Definition Standards and Guidelines (Canada), Society for Mining, Metallurgy, & Exploration (SME) Guide (USA) and Certification Code (Chile). (URL: http://www.crirsco.com) [30] |
United Nations | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 2003, Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Resources: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva [32] |
Australia | Joint Ore Reserves Committee of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Australian Institute of Geoscientists and Minerals Council of Australia (JORC), 2004; Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy [27] |
Canada | CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions, 2004, CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves: The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum [29] |
Chile | Institute of Mining Engineers of Chile (IIMCh), 2004; Code for the Certification of Exploration Prospects, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, 2004: Institute of Mining Engineers of Chile [33] |
China | The State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, 1999 Classification for Resources/Reserves of Solid Fuels and Mineral Commodities (National Standards GB/T17766-1999): Beijing: Chinese Standard Publishing House [34] |
Peru | Joint Committee of the Venture Capital Segment of the Lima Stock Exchange, 2003, Code for Reporting on Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves: Bolsa de Valores de Lima (Lima Stock Exchange) [35] |
South Africa | South African Mineral Resource Committee (SAMREC), 2000, South African Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (The SAMREC Code): South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy [28] |
Soviet Union, CIS, COMECON countries | Diatchkov, Sergei, 1994, Principles of classification of reserves and resources in the CIS countries: Mining Engineering, v. 46, No. 3, p. 214–217 [36] Jakubiak, Z., and Smakowski, T., 1994, Classification of mineral reserves in former Comecon countries: Geological Society of London, Special Publications, v. 79, p. 17–28 [37] |
United States | Legally-required system for reporting reserves by publicly-traded companies Securities and Exchange Commission—Description of Property by Issuers Engaged or to Be Engaged in Significant Mining Operations Guide 7 [38] Proposed classification U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Reserves Working Group of SME Resources and Reserves Committee, 2005, Recommendations Concerning Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, Prepared for Submission to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission: The Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc. [39] |
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Meinert, L.D.; Robinson, G.R.; Nassar, N.T. Mineral Resources: Reserves, Peak Production and the Future. Resources 2016, 5, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources5010014
Meinert LD, Robinson GR, Nassar NT. Mineral Resources: Reserves, Peak Production and the Future. Resources. 2016; 5(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources5010014
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeinert, Lawrence D., Gilpin R. Robinson, and Nedal T. Nassar. 2016. "Mineral Resources: Reserves, Peak Production and the Future" Resources 5, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources5010014