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10.3390/resources14060085
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Floating Offshore Wind and Carbon Credits in Brazil: A Case Study on Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Unit Decarbonization

by
Annelys Machado Schetinger
*,
Hugo Barros Bozelli
,
João Marcelo Teixeira do Amaral
,
Carolina Coutinho Mendonça de Souza
,
Amaro Olimpio Pereira, Jr.
,
André Guilherme Peixoto Alves
,
Emanuel Leonardus van Emmerik
,
Giulia de Jesusda Silva
,
Pedro Henrique Busin Cambruzzi
and
Robson Francisco da Silva Dias
Laboratory of Alternative Energy Sources (LAFAE), Electrical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Polytechnic School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Technology Center, Block I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21945970, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Resources 2025, 14(6), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14060085
Submission received: 24 March 2025 / Revised: 27 April 2025 / Accepted: 21 May 2025 / Published: 22 May 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study analyzes the economic impacts of integrating floating offshore wind farms with a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The idea is to replace the use of natural gas for power supply with an offshore wind farm, considering the effects of carbon pricing. Results show that wind integration reduces emissions by 23% to 76%, depending on the installed capacity. However, higher wind capacity increases total system costs, initial investment, electricity and operational expenses. The Brazilian carbon credit market adversely impacts existing FPSO units as a result of the compulsory carbon trading costs necessary to mitigate their emissions. In contrast, wind-integrated scenarios benefited from carbon pricing, improving financial indicators such as payback period and Return on Investment. Wind shares of 30% and 70% yielded the best financial results for carbon prices between 10 and 50 United States Dollars per ton, with higher penalties further improving viability. These findings elucidate the significance of carbon pricing in mitigating emissions and enhancing the economic feasibility of offshore wind farms within the context of the Brazilian national FPSO decarbonization strategy.
Keywords: floating; offshore; wind; FPSO; decarbonization; carbon; market; pricing; renewable; feasibility floating; offshore; wind; FPSO; decarbonization; carbon; market; pricing; renewable; feasibility

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Schetinger, A.M.; Bozelli, H.B.; Amaral, J.M.T.d.; Souza, C.C.M.d.; Pereira, A.O., Jr.; Alves, A.G.P.; van Emmerik, E.L.; Silva, G.d.J.; Cambruzzi, P.H.B.; Dias, R.F.d.S. Floating Offshore Wind and Carbon Credits in Brazil: A Case Study on Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Unit Decarbonization. Resources 2025, 14, 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14060085

AMA Style

Schetinger AM, Bozelli HB, Amaral JMTd, Souza CCMd, Pereira AO Jr., Alves AGP, van Emmerik EL, Silva GdJ, Cambruzzi PHB, Dias RFdS. Floating Offshore Wind and Carbon Credits in Brazil: A Case Study on Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Unit Decarbonization. Resources. 2025; 14(6):85. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14060085

Chicago/Turabian Style

Schetinger, Annelys Machado, Hugo Barros Bozelli, João Marcelo Teixeira do Amaral, Carolina Coutinho Mendonça de Souza, Amaro Olimpio Pereira, Jr., André Guilherme Peixoto Alves, Emanuel Leonardus van Emmerik, Giulia de Jesusda Silva, Pedro Henrique Busin Cambruzzi, and Robson Francisco da Silva Dias. 2025. "Floating Offshore Wind and Carbon Credits in Brazil: A Case Study on Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Unit Decarbonization" Resources 14, no. 6: 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14060085

APA Style

Schetinger, A. M., Bozelli, H. B., Amaral, J. M. T. d., Souza, C. C. M. d., Pereira, A. O., Jr., Alves, A. G. P., van Emmerik, E. L., Silva, G. d. J., Cambruzzi, P. H. B., & Dias, R. F. d. S. (2025). Floating Offshore Wind and Carbon Credits in Brazil: A Case Study on Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Unit Decarbonization. Resources, 14(6), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14060085

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