Next Article in Journal
Research on the Influencing Factors of Digital Intelligence-Empowered Urban Emergency Management Capability Based on Hybrid Decision Modeling
Previous Article in Journal
Regulation-Driven Symmetry Evolution and Adaptive Stability in Complex Business Systems
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Systems
Volume 14
Issue 4
10.3390/systems14040437
systems-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Tripartite Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis of Stakeholder Strategy Implementation in Metro-Based Freight Systems Considering Low-Carbon Benefits

by
Xiuyue Sun
1,
Shujie Liu
1,
Lingxiang Wei
1,*,
Tian Li
1,
Jun Huang
2,
Ying Chen
1,
Hong Yuan
3 and
Jianchang Huang
1
1
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China
2
JSTI Group, Nanjing 210017, China
3
School of Architecture and Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Systems 2026, 14(4), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040437
Submission received: 31 March 2026 / Revised: 11 April 2026 / Accepted: 13 April 2026 / Published: 16 April 2026
Versions Notes

Abstract

Against the backdrop of low-carbon transportation and urban logistics transformation, metro-based freight is regarded as an important pathway for emission reduction. This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving the government, logistics enterprises, and metro operators, and analyzes multi-agent strategy evolution and the influence of key parameters using replicator dynamics equations and numerical simulation. The results show that well-designed subsidies and penalties can effectively promote a stable state characterized by “active government intervention, active response from logistics enterprises, and low-carbon integrated passenger and freight transportation by metro operators”. Reducing the cost of transformation can improve evolutionary efficiency, while excessively high subsidies may weaken the government’s willingness to intervene. This study provides insights for optimizing low-carbon transportation policies and supporting the development of metro-based freight systems.
Keywords: low-carbon transportation; metro-based freight; tripartite evolutionary game; social benefits; numerical simulation low-carbon transportation; metro-based freight; tripartite evolutionary game; social benefits; numerical simulation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sun, X.; Liu, S.; Wei, L.; Li, T.; Huang, J.; Chen, Y.; Yuan, H.; Huang, J. Tripartite Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis of Stakeholder Strategy Implementation in Metro-Based Freight Systems Considering Low-Carbon Benefits. Systems 2026, 14, 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040437

AMA Style

Sun X, Liu S, Wei L, Li T, Huang J, Chen Y, Yuan H, Huang J. Tripartite Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis of Stakeholder Strategy Implementation in Metro-Based Freight Systems Considering Low-Carbon Benefits. Systems. 2026; 14(4):437. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040437

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sun, Xiuyue, Shujie Liu, Lingxiang Wei, Tian Li, Jun Huang, Ying Chen, Hong Yuan, and Jianchang Huang. 2026. "Tripartite Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis of Stakeholder Strategy Implementation in Metro-Based Freight Systems Considering Low-Carbon Benefits" Systems 14, no. 4: 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040437

APA Style

Sun, X., Liu, S., Wei, L., Li, T., Huang, J., Chen, Y., Yuan, H., & Huang, J. (2026). Tripartite Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis of Stakeholder Strategy Implementation in Metro-Based Freight Systems Considering Low-Carbon Benefits. Systems, 14(4), 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040437

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.
Back to TopTop