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Article

Dynamic Evolution and Resilience Enhancement of the Urban Tourism Ecological Health Network: A Case Study in Shanghai, China

1
School of Social Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215127, China
2
Academy of Culture and Tourism Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215127, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Systems 2025, 13(8), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080654 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 3 June 2025 / Revised: 20 July 2025 / Accepted: 31 July 2025 / Published: 2 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Complex Systems and Cybernetics)

Abstract

Urban tourism has evolved into a complex adaptive system, where unregulated expansion disrupts the ecological balance and intensifies resource stress. Understanding the dynamic evolution and resilience mechanisms of the tourism ecological health network (TEHN) is essential for supporting sustainable urban tourism as a coupled human–natural system. Using Shanghai as a case study, we applied the "vigor–organization–resilience–services" (VORS) framework to evaluate ecosystem health, which served as a constraint for constructing the TEHN, using the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model for the period from 2001 to 2023. A resilience framework integrating structural and functional dimensions was further developed to assess spatiotemporal evolution and guide targeted enhancement strategies. The results indicated that as ecosystem health degraded, particularly in peripheral areas, the urban TEHN in Shanghai shifted from a dispersed to a centralized structure, with limited connectivity in the periphery. The resilience of the TEHN continued to grow, with structural resilience remaining at a high level, while functional resilience still required enhancement. Specifically, the low integration and limited choice between the tourism network and the transportation system hindered tourists from selecting routes with higher ecosystem health indices. Enhancing functional resilience, while sustaining structural resilience, is essential for transforming the TEHN into a multi-centered, multi-level system that promotes efficient connectivity, ecological sustainability, and long-term adaptability. The results contribute to a systems-level understanding of tourism–ecology interactions and support the development of adaptive strategies for balancing network efficiency and environmental integrity.
Keywords: tourism ecological health network; network resilience; VORS framework; tourism flow; spatial evolution; system modeling tourism ecological health network; network resilience; VORS framework; tourism flow; spatial evolution; system modeling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wei, M.; Huang, T. Dynamic Evolution and Resilience Enhancement of the Urban Tourism Ecological Health Network: A Case Study in Shanghai, China. Systems 2025, 13, 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080654

AMA Style

Wei M, Huang T. Dynamic Evolution and Resilience Enhancement of the Urban Tourism Ecological Health Network: A Case Study in Shanghai, China. Systems. 2025; 13(8):654. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080654

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei, Man, and Tai Huang. 2025. "Dynamic Evolution and Resilience Enhancement of the Urban Tourism Ecological Health Network: A Case Study in Shanghai, China" Systems 13, no. 8: 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080654

APA Style

Wei, M., & Huang, T. (2025). Dynamic Evolution and Resilience Enhancement of the Urban Tourism Ecological Health Network: A Case Study in Shanghai, China. Systems, 13(8), 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080654

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