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Article

Impact of the Static Magnetic Field on Growth, Pigments, Osmolytes, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity, Antioxidant Defense System, and Yield in Lettuce

by
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
1,2,*,
Mona F. A. Dawood
3,
Halimeh Hassanpour
4,
Maryam Rezayian
5 and
Nabil A. Younes
6
1
Biology Department, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
3
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
4
Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran 14665-834, Iran
5
Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
6
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biology 2020, 9(7), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070172
Submission received: 11 June 2020 / Revised: 6 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 / Published: 17 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)
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Abstract

Magnetic fields are an unavoidable physical factor affecting living organisms. Lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa var. cabitat L.) were subjected to various intensities of the static magnetic field (SMF) viz., MF0 (control), SMF1 (0.44 Tesla (T), SMF2 (0.77 T), and SMF3 (1 T) for three exposure times (1, 2, and 3 h). SMF-treated seedlings showed induction in growth parameters and metabolism comparing to control. All photosynthetic pigments were induced markedly under SMF, especially chlorophyll a. SMF at different intensities boosted osmolytes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity over non-magnetized seedlings. Oxidative damage criteria viz., hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and lipid peroxidation, as well as polyphenol oxidase activity, were kept at low values under SMF-treated seeds relative to control, especially SMF2. Electron donors to antioxidant enzymes including nitrate reductase, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide induced via SMF exposure and consequently the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferases, catalase, and peroxidases family enzymes were also stimulated under SMF, whatever the intensity or the exposure period applied. All these regulations reflected on the enhancement of lettuce yield production which reached 50% over the control at SMF3. Our findings offered that SMF-seed priming is an innovative and low-cost strategy that can improve the growth, bioactive constituents, and yield of lettuce.
Keywords: antioxidant system; crop yield; lettuce; osmolytes; oxidative damage; static magnetic field antioxidant system; crop yield; lettuce; osmolytes; oxidative damage; static magnetic field
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MDPI and ACS Style

Abdel Latef, A.A.H.; Dawood, M.F.A.; Hassanpour, H.; Rezayian, M.; Younes, N.A. Impact of the Static Magnetic Field on Growth, Pigments, Osmolytes, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity, Antioxidant Defense System, and Yield in Lettuce. Biology 2020, 9, 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070172

AMA Style

Abdel Latef AAH, Dawood MFA, Hassanpour H, Rezayian M, Younes NA. Impact of the Static Magnetic Field on Growth, Pigments, Osmolytes, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity, Antioxidant Defense System, and Yield in Lettuce. Biology. 2020; 9(7):172. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070172

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdel Latef, Arafat Abdel Hamed, Mona F. A. Dawood, Halimeh Hassanpour, Maryam Rezayian, and Nabil A. Younes. 2020. "Impact of the Static Magnetic Field on Growth, Pigments, Osmolytes, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity, Antioxidant Defense System, and Yield in Lettuce" Biology 9, no. 7: 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070172

APA Style

Abdel Latef, A. A. H., Dawood, M. F. A., Hassanpour, H., Rezayian, M., & Younes, N. A. (2020). Impact of the Static Magnetic Field on Growth, Pigments, Osmolytes, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity, Antioxidant Defense System, and Yield in Lettuce. Biology, 9(7), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070172

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