Molecular Characterization of Secreted Factors and Extracellular Vesicles-Embedded miRNAs from Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Presence of Synovial Fluid from Osteoarthritis Patients
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synovial Fluid Collection
2.2. ELISA Characterization of Pooled SF
2.3. Bone Marrow Collection, BMSCs Isolation and Expansion
2.4. Flow Cytometry Characterization of SF-Treated BMSCs
2.5. ELISA Characterization of SF-Treated BMSCs Secretome
2.6. Protein-Protein Interaction Network
2.7. Characterization of EVs in SF-Treated BMSCs Secretomes
2.8. Total RNA Isolation from EVs and miRNAs Quantification
2.9. Identification of miRNAs Target
2.10. Statistical and Computational Analyses
3. Results
3.1. SF Characterization
3.2. Immunophenotype of SF-Treated BMSCs
3.3. Characterization of SF-Treated BMSCs Secreted Factors
3.4. Characterization of SF-Treated BMSC-EVs
3.5. Identification of EV-Embedded miRNAs
3.6. EV-miRNAs Effect on OA-Related Molecules and Cell Types
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TYPE | FACTOR | (pg/mL) | |
---|---|---|---|
GF | IGFBP4 | 248,050 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 |
REC | VCAM1 | 109,797 | Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 |
CYT | ICAM2 | 109,414 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 |
GF | IGFBP2 | 44,358 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 |
CYT | PLG | 42,376 | Plasminogen |
GF | IGFBP3 | 42,150 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 |
CYT | SIGLEC5 | 32,371 | Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 5 |
GF | TGFB1 | 29,154 | Transforming growth factor beta-1 |
INF | TIMP2 | 25,220 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 |
REC | SELL | 20,525 | L-selectin |
INF | IL6R | 19,933 | Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha |
GF | BMP4 | 19,550 | Bone morphogenetic protein 4 |
INF | TNFRSF1A | 19,497 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A |
GF | CSF1R | 19,117 | Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor |
CYT | IL6ST | 15,002 | Interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta |
CHE | IFNL1 | 13,977 | Interferon lambda-1 |
REC | TNFRSF17 | 12,355 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 |
REC | PLAUR | 11,597 | Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor |
INF | TNFRSF1B | 10,977 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B |
pg/Million BMSCs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TYPE | FACTOR | B1 | B2 | B3 | MEAN | SD | FUNCTION |
GF | IGFBP4 | 109,869 | 131,569 | 124,587 | 122,009 | 9045 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 |
GF | IGFBP3 | 84,091 | 117,198 | 102,025 | 101,105 | 13,532 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 |
GF | TGFB1 | 39,339 | 32,615 | 30,189 | 34,048 | 3870 | Transforming growth factor beta-1 |
INF | TIMP2 | 22,096 | 28,331 | 30,462 | 26,963 | 3550 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 |
CHE | IFNL1 | 19,399 | 20,613 | 22,381 | 20,798 | 1225 | Interferon lambda-1 |
CHE | IL9 | 1770 | 24,217 | 16,270 | 14,086 | 9293 | Interleukin-9 |
INF | TIMP1 | 12,116 | 14,563 | 14,503 | 13,727 | 1140 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 |
GF | BMP4 | 7872 | 10,892 | 20,075 | 12,946 | 5190 | Bone morphogenetic protein 4 |
CYT | SERPINE1 | 10,110 | 14,584 | 13,253 | 12,649 | 1876 | Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 |
GF | IGFBP2 | 6439 | 14,130 | 10,661 | 10,410 | 3145 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 |
GF | VEGFA | 7794 | 12,442 | 10,732 | 10,323 | 1919 | Vascular endothelial growth factor A |
CHE | PF4 | 9652 | 10,111 | 8745 | 9503 | 567 | Platelet factor 4 |
GF | IGFBP6 | 6466 | 10,314 | 9509 | 8763 | 1657 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6 |
CHE | MIF | 3604 | 4526 | 4973 | 4368 | 570 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor |
REC | VCAM1 | 4131 | 5719 | 2852 | 4234 | 1173 | Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 |
CYT | INHBA | 4344 | 4350 | 3770 | 4155 | 272 | Inhibin beta A chain |
CHE | XCL1 | 2921 | 4047 | 5177 | 4048 | 921 | Lymphotactin |
CHE | CCL27 | 4283 | 2370 | 3979 | 3544 | 840 | C-C motif chemokine 27 |
CHE | CXCL16 | 2374 | 3787 | 3932 | 3364 | 702 | C-X-C motif chemokine 16 |
INF | TNFRSF1A | 2640 | 3403 | 3410 | 3151 | 361 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A |
CHE | MST1 | 3356 | 1822 | 2150 | 2443 | 659 | Hepatocyte growth factor-like protein |
CHE | CCL26 | 2212 | 932 | 4108 | 2417 | 1305 | C-C motif chemokine 26 |
CHE | CCL21 | 2552 | 3078 | 1594 | 2408 | 614 | C-C motif chemokine 21 |
CHE | CXCL11 | 2165 | 3168 | 1466 | 2266 | 698 | C-X-C motif chemokine 11 |
REC | PLAUR | 1515 | 2482 | 1641 | 1879 | 429 | Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor |
CYT | ANGPT1 | 1553 | 2005 | 1837 | 1798 | 187 | Angiopoietin-1 |
GF | BMP7 | 2239 | 327 | 1766 | 1444 | 813 | Bone morphogenetic protein 7 |
CYT | IL6ST | 1239 | 1842 | 1090 | 1390 | 325 | Interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta |
GF | HGF | 1058 | 1462 | 1443 | 1321 | 186 | Hepatocyte growth factor |
GF | FGF4 | 1536 | 1484 | 729 | 1250 | 369 | Fibroblast growth factor 4 |
CYT | ANG | 971 | 1427 | 1301 | 1233 | 193 | Angiogenin |
REC | ALCAM | 956 | 1209 | 1239 | 1135 | 127 | CD166 antigen |
CYT | FST | 690 | 1260 | 1284 | 1078 | 274 | Follistatin |
CYT | CTSS | 808 | 1256 | 1150 | 1071 | 191 | Cathepsin S |
GF | KDR | 1078 | 887 | 1102 | 1022 | 96 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 |
miRBase ID | Crt | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1 | B2 | B3 | Mean | SD | Weight % | |
hsa-miR-518f-3p | 9.26 | 12.46 | 13.80 | 11.84 | 1.90 | 17.75728 |
hsa-miR-24-3p | 12.47 | 12.14 | 12.20 | 12.27 | 0.15 | 13.16838 |
hsa-miR-193b-3p | 13.04 | 12.78 | 12.95 | 12.92 | 0.11 | 8.388070 |
hsa-miR-222-3p | 13.26 | 13.12 | 12.81 | 13.06 | 0.19 | 7.591257 |
hsa-miR-1274B | 13.12 | 13.18 | 13.33 | 13.21 | 0.09 | 6.863791 |
hsa-miR-574-3p | 13.50 | 13.24 | 13.55 | 13.43 | 0.14 | 5.882132 |
hsa-miR-191-5p | 13.43 | 13.53 | 13.56 | 13.51 | 0.06 | 5.582864 |
hsa-miR-484 | 14.17 | 13.74 | 13.90 | 13.94 | 0.18 | 4.142033 |
hsa-miR-320a-3p | 14.34 | 13.94 | 14.30 | 14.19 | 0.18 | 3.468564 |
hsa-miR-197-3p | 15.20 | 14.51 | 14.89 | 14.86 | 0.28 | 2.181023 |
hsa-miR-19b-3p | 15.44 | 15.55 | 15.68 | 15.55 | 0.10 | 1.352228 |
hsa-miR-214-3p | 15.47 | 15.49 | 15.81 | 15.59 | 0.16 | 1.317989 |
hsa-miR-99a-5p | 15.69 | 15.67 | 15.63 | 15.66 | 0.03 | 1.254117 |
hsa-miR-145-5p | 15.61 | 15.59 | 15.80 | 15.67 | 0.09 | 1.250356 |
hsa-miR-125b-5p | 15.76 | 15.67 | 15.65 | 15.69 | 0.05 | 1.226040 |
hsa-miR-1274A | 15.80 | 15.93 | 16.14 | 15.96 | 0.14 | 1.021016 |
hsa-miR-627-5p | 17.05 | 14.73 | 16.22 | 16.00 | 0.96 | 0.992408 |
hsa-miR-342-3p | 16.22 | 15.80 | 16.38 | 16.13 | 0.25 | 0.904174 |
hsa-miR-409-3p | 16.19 | 16.33 | 15.94 | 16.15 | 0.16 | 0.891932 |
hsa-miR-21-5p | 15.80 | 16.24 | 16.46 | 16.17 | 0.28 | 0.884135 |
hsa-miR-106a-5p | 16.02 | 16.42 | 16.33 | 16.25 | 0.17 | 0.832009 |
hsa-miR-16-5p | 16.37 | 16.29 | 16.19 | 16.28 | 0.07 | 0.816961 |
hsa-miR-17-5p | 16.10 | 16.36 | 16.39 | 16.28 | 0.13 | 0.815264 |
hsa-let-7b-5p | 16.39 | 16.40 | 16.66 | 16.48 | 0.12 | 0.710056 |
hsa-miR-29a-3p | 16.71 | 16.83 | 16.39 | 16.64 | 0.19 | 0.635518 |
hsa-miR-30c-5p | 16.48 | 16.81 | 16.81 | 16.70 | 0.16 | 0.610052 |
hsa-miR-221-3p | 16.79 | 16.75 | 16.86 | 16.80 | 0.05 | 0.569594 |
hsa-miR-92a-3p | 17.12 | 16.93 | 17.10 | 17.05 | 0.08 | 0.478969 |
hsa-miR-30b-5p | 16.93 | 17.20 | 17.35 | 17.16 | 0.17 | 0.444629 |
hsa-miR-20a-5p | 16.92 | 17.28 | 17.43 | 17.21 | 0.21 | 0.428492 |
hsa-miR-132-3p | 17.31 | 17.13 | 17.47 | 17.30 | 0.14 | 0.402206 |
hsa-miR-618 | 13.41 | 14.78 | 24.32 | 17.50 | 4.85 | 0.350464 |
hsa-miR-138-5p | 17.39 | 17.43 | 17.87 | 17.56 | 0.22 | 0.335722 |
hsa-miR-382-5p | 18.55 | 17.53 | 17.41 | 17.83 | 0.51 | 0.279323 |
hsa-miR-663b | 17.74 | 17.68 | 18.19 | 17.87 | 0.23 | 0.271308 |
hsa-miR-483-5 | 18.29 | 17.46 | 17.99 | 17.91 | 0.34 | 0.264011 |
hsa-miR-199a-3p | 18.14 | 18.30 | 17.86 | 18.10 | 0.18 | 0.231327 |
hsa-miR-520e-3p | 15.88 | 17.10 | 21.67 | 18.22 | 2.49 | 0.213307 |
hsa-miR-31-5p | 18.39 | 18.44 | 17.85 | 18.23 | 0.27 | 0.211883 |
hsa-miR-28-3p | 18.39 | 18.51 | 18.18 | 18.36 | 0.14 | 0.193402 |
hsa-miR-146a-5p | 18.47 | 18.77 | 18.02 | 18.42 | 0.31 | 0.185395 |
hsa-miR-720 | 18.69 | 18.31 | 18.31 | 18.44 | 0.18 | 0.183435 |
hsa-miR-193a-5p | 18.27 | 18.37 | 18.71 | 18.45 | 0.19 | 0.181957 |
hsa-miR-34a-5p | 19.15 | 18.58 | 17.84 | 18.52 | 0.54 | 0.172740 |
hsa-miR-376a-3p | 18.51 | 18.59 | 18.58 | 18.56 | 0.03 | 0.168094 |
hsa-miR-186-5p | 19.01 | 18.74 | 18.40 | 18.72 | 0.25 | 0.151005 |
CHO | SYN | HLA-DR+ | T CELL | % WEIGHT | MAIN miRNA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CYTOKINES | ||||||
TNF | X | X | 2.05 | hsa-miR-125-5p (1.23%) | ||
IL6 | X | X | 0.19 | hsa-miR-146a-5p (0.19%) | ||
IL1B | X | X | 0.88 | hsa-miR-21-5p (0.88%) | ||
IL1A | X | X | 5.58 | hsa-miR-191-5p (5.58%) | ||
CXCL12 | X | X | 0.97 | hsa-miR-221-3p (0.57%) | ||
CCL5 | X | X | X | 1.51 | hsa-miR-214-3p (1.32%) | |
IL11 | X | X | X | 0.61 | hsa-miR-30c-5p (0.61%) | |
GROWTH FACTORS | ||||||
TGFB1 | X | X | X | X | 19.24 | hsa-miR-24-3p (13.17%) |
IGF1 | X | X | 0.87 | hsa-miR-29a-3p (0.64%) | ||
FGF2 | X | X | 0.97 | hsa-miR-16-5p (0.82%) | ||
BMP2 | X | X | X | 1.65 | hsa-miR-106a-5p (0.83%) | |
VEGFA | X | X | X | 6.22 | hsa-miR-145-5p (1.25%) | |
HGF | X | X | 1.05 | hsa-miR-16-5p (0.82%) | ||
ANGPT2 | X | X | 2.48 | hsa-miR-145-5p (1.25%) | ||
CTGF | X | X | X | 1.86 | hsa-miR-145-5p (1.25%) | |
KITLG | X | X | X | 3.47 | hsa-miR-320a-3p (3.47%) | |
TGFB2 | X | X | X | 2.13 | hsa-miR-145-5p (1.25%) | |
INHBB | X | 0.17 | hsa-miR-34a-5p (0.17%) | |||
IGF2 | X | X | 1.5 | hsa-miR-125b-5p (1.23%) | ||
BDNF | X | 1.22 | hsa-miR-16-5p (0.82%) | |||
PROTEASES | ||||||
ADAM12 | X | X | 0.64 | hsa-miR-29a-3p (0.64%) | ||
ADAM17 | X | X | X | 1.25 | hsa-miR-145-5p (1.25%) | |
ADAMTS9 | X | 0.64 | hsa-miR-29a-3p (0.64%) | |||
MMP1 | X | 8.84 | hsa-miR-222-3p (7.59%) | |||
MMP2 | X | X | 3.26 | hsa-miR-125b-5p (1.23%) | ||
MMP9 | X | X | 0.4 | hsa-miR-132-3p (0.40%) | ||
MMP13 | 1.23 | hsa-miR-125b-5p (1.23%) | ||||
MMP14 | X | X | 14.42 | hsa-miR-24-3p (13.17%) | ||
PLAU | X | X | 8.39 | hsa-miR-193b-3p (8.39%) | ||
PLAT | X | X | 0.88 | hsa-miR-21-5p (0.88%) | ||
APC | X | X | 2.06 | hsa-miR-125b-5p (1.23%) | ||
TIMP2 | X | X | 1.26 | hsa-miR-106a-5p (0.83%) | ||
TIMP3 | X | X | 9.86 | hsa-miR-222-3p (7.59%) |
TISSUE/CELLS | % WEIGHT | ROLE |
---|---|---|
CARTILAGE | ||
Protective | ||
hsa-miR-24-3p | 13.17 | Prevents ECM degradation, increases chondrocyte viability |
hsa-miR-193b-3p | 8.39 | Reduces cartilage degradation |
hsa-miR-222-3p | 7.59 | Reduces cartilage degradation |
hsa-miR-320a-3p | 3.47 | Increases chondrocyte viability |
hsa-miR-125b-5p | 1.23 | Prevents aggrecan loss |
hsa-miR-17-5p | 0.82 | Induces autophagy |
hsa-miR-221-3p | 0.57 | Prevents ECM degradation |
hsa-miR-92a-3p | 0.48 | Increases collagen deposition |
hsa-miR-199a-3p | 0.23 | Anti-catabolic |
Total | 35.94 | |
Destructive | ||
hsa-miR-21-5p | 0.88 | Negatively regulates chondrogenesis |
hsa-miR-16-5p | 0.82 | Cartilage degradation |
hsa-miR-30b-5p | 0.44 | Pro-apoptotic, ECM degradation |
hsa-miR-138-5p | 0.34 | Cartilage degradation |
hsa-miR-483-5 | 0.26 | Chondrocyte hypertrophy, ECM degradation and cartilage angiogenesis |
hsa-miR-146a-5p | 0.19 | Activator in early OA |
hsa-miR-34a-5p | 0.17 | Apoptosis |
Total | 3.10 | |
Dual | ||
hsa-miR-145-5p | 1.25 | Regulates chondrocyte proliferation and fibrosis |
SYNOVIUM | ||
Protective | ||
hsa-miR-29a-3p | 0.64 | Anti-fibrotic effects |
Destructive | ||
hsa-miR-34a-5p | 0.17 | Enhances synovial inflammation |
Dual | ||
hsa-miR-146a-5p | 0.19 | Enhances/Suppresses synovial inflammation |
MACROPHAGE | ||
M1 | ||
hsa-miR-145-5p | 1.25 | Pro-M1 |
hsa-miR-125b-5p | 1.23 | Pro-M1 |
Total | 2.48 | |
M2 | ||
hsa-miR-24-3p | 13.17 | Pro M2, blocks M1 |
hsa-miR-222-3p | 7.59 | Pro M2 |
hsa-let-7b-5p | 0.71 | Pro M2 |
hsa-miR-146a-5p | 0.19 | Pro M2, blocks M1 |
hsa-miR-34a-5p | 0.17 | Pro M2 |
Total | 21.83 | |
T CELL | ||
Pro-Activation | ||
hsa-miR-19b-3p | 1.35 | Reduces PTEN repressor |
hsa-miR-214-3p | 1.32 | Reduces PTEN repressor |
hsa-miR-21-5p | 0.88 | Reduces PTEN repressor |
hsa-miR-106a-5p | 0.83 | Represses IL10 |
hsa-miR-17-5p | 0.82 | Reduces PTEN repressor and promotes IFNγ |
hsa-let-7b-5p | 0.71 | Represses IL10 |
hsa-miR-221-3p | 0.57 | Downregulates PIK3R1 |
hsa-miR-132-3p | 0.40 | Downregulates PIK3R1 |
Total | 6.88 | |
Anti-activation | ||
hsa-miR-24-3p | 13.17 | Represses IFNγ in activated CD4+ and CD8+ |
hsa-miR-125b-5p | 1.23 | Maintains T cell naïve state |
hsa-miR-342-3p | 0.90 | Downregulated upon activation |
hsa-miR-146a-5p | 0.19 | Represses activation markers |
Total | 15.48 | |
Dual | ||
hsa-miR-31-5p | 0.21 | Upregulates IL2, downregulated with activation |
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Ragni, E.; Perucca Orfei, C.; Valli, F.; Zagra, L.; de Girolamo, L. Molecular Characterization of Secreted Factors and Extracellular Vesicles-Embedded miRNAs from Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Presence of Synovial Fluid from Osteoarthritis Patients. Biology 2022, 11, 1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111632
Ragni E, Perucca Orfei C, Valli F, Zagra L, de Girolamo L. Molecular Characterization of Secreted Factors and Extracellular Vesicles-Embedded miRNAs from Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Presence of Synovial Fluid from Osteoarthritis Patients. Biology. 2022; 11(11):1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111632
Chicago/Turabian StyleRagni, Enrico, Carlotta Perucca Orfei, Federico Valli, Luigi Zagra, and Laura de Girolamo. 2022. "Molecular Characterization of Secreted Factors and Extracellular Vesicles-Embedded miRNAs from Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Presence of Synovial Fluid from Osteoarthritis Patients" Biology 11, no. 11: 1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111632