High-Intensity Warm-Up Increases Anaerobic Energy Contribution during 100-m Sprint
Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13503, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Paulo Gentil
Biology 2021, 10(3), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030198
Received: 21 January 2021
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Revised: 26 February 2021
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Accepted: 2 March 2021
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Published: 5 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Extreme Sport on Body Functions)
Simple Summary
Certain exercise performances or movements cause sudden changes (or increases) in metabolic response. Track and field running events that require explosive energy in the shortest time, such as a 100-m sprint, need an immediate energy supply. Referring to the relevant studies to date, metabolic responses to submaximal exercise have been well documented, while information on the metabolic responses of short-term sprint performance is relatively insufficient. In this regard, based on the evidence that the human body relies on anaerobic energy metabolism during intense, short-term exercise, we investigated anaerobic energy contributions following the acute effect of a high-intensity warm-up during a 100 m-sprint. The main finding of our study revealed that a high-intensity warm-up (HIW) increases the contribution of the anaerobic system, probably by activating key regulatory enzymes related to anaerobic energy metabolism, compared to a low-intensity warm-up, for a 100-m sprint. Therefore, an HIW is effective in increasing anaerobic energy contribution during a 100-m sprint, which can be a useful strategy for coaches and athletes in the field.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of warm-up intensity on energetic contribution and performance during a 100-m sprint. Ten young male sprinters performed 100-m sprints following both a high-intensity warm-up (HIW) and a low-intensity warm-up (LIW). Both the HIW and LIW were included in common baseline warm-ups and interventional warm-ups (eight 60-m runs, HIW; 60 to 95%, LIW; 40% alone). Blood lactate concentration [La−], time trial, and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured. The different energy system contribution was calculated by using physiological variables. [La−1]Max following HIW was significantly higher than in LIW (11.86 ± 2.52 vs. 9.24 ± 1.61 mmol·L−1; p < 0.01, respectively). The 100-m sprint time trial was not significantly different between HIW and LIW (11.83 ± 0.57 vs. 12.10 ± 0.63 s; p > 0.05, respectively). The relative (%) phosphagen system contribution was higher in the HIW compared to the LIW (70 vs. 61%; p < 0.01, respectively). These results indicate that an HIW increases phosphagen and glycolytic system contributions as compared to an LIW for the 100-m sprint. Furthermore, an HIW prior to short-term intense exercise has no effect on a 100-m sprint time trial; however, it tends to improve times (decreased 100-m time trial; −0.27 s in HIW vs. LIW).
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Keywords:
blood lactate; energetic contribution; glycolysis; phosphagen; maximal anaerobic performance
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MDPI and ACS Style
Park, S.-B.; Park, D.-S.; Kim, M.; Lee, E.; Lee, D.; Jung, J.; Son, S.J.; Hong, J.; Yang, W.-H. High-Intensity Warm-Up Increases Anaerobic Energy Contribution during 100-m Sprint. Biology 2021, 10, 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030198
AMA Style
Park S-B, Park D-S, Kim M, Lee E, Lee D, Jung J, Son SJ, Hong J, Yang W-H. High-Intensity Warm-Up Increases Anaerobic Energy Contribution during 100-m Sprint. Biology. 2021; 10(3):198. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030198
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Seung-Bo, Da-Sol Park, Minjun Kim, Eunseok Lee, Doowon Lee, Jaewoo Jung, Seong Jun Son, Junggi Hong, and Woo-Hwi Yang. 2021. "High-Intensity Warm-Up Increases Anaerobic Energy Contribution during 100-m Sprint" Biology 10, no. 3: 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030198
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