Changes of Gut-Microbiota-Liver Axis in Hepatitis C Virus Infection
1
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
4
School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Center, Doki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
7
Department of Biology, School of Health Science and C.J., The State University of New York Canton, Canton, NY 13617, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biology 2021, 10(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10010055
Received: 12 November 2020
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Revised: 2 January 2021
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Accepted: 8 January 2021
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Published: 13 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome Manipulation: Focus on Microbiome Characterization, Diagnostics and Therapeutic Indications)
Simple Summary
Gut microbiota alteration is linked to many health disorders including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This dysbiosis in turn impacts the coordination between the gut and the liver that is known as the gut–liver-axis. Here, we discuss the latest findings regarding the changes in gut microbiota structure and functionality post HCV infection and its treatment regimens. In addition, we underline the contribution of the microbiota alterations to HCV associated liver complications.
The gut–liver-axis is a bidirectional coordination between the gut, including microbial residents, the gut microbiota, from one side and the liver on the other side. Any disturbance in this crosstalk may lead to a disease status that impacts the functionality of both the gut and the liver. A major cause of liver disorders is hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that has been illustrated to be associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis at different stages of the disease progression. This dysbiosis may start a cycle of inflammation and metabolic disturbance that impacts the gut and liver health and contributes to the disease progression. This review discusses the latest literature addressing this interplay between the gut microbiota and the liver in HCV infection from both directions. Additionally, we highlight the contribution of gut microbiota to the metabolism of antivirals used in HCV treatment regimens and the impact of these medications on the microbiota composition. This review sheds light on the potential of the gut microbiota manipulation as an alternative therapeutic approach to control the liver complications post HCV infection.
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Keywords:
gut microbiota; gut liver axis; HCV; dysbiosis; antiviral drugs
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MDPI and ACS Style
El-Mowafy, M.; Elgaml, A.; El-Mesery, M.; Sultan, S.; Ahmed, T.A.E.; Gomaa, A.I.; Aly, M.; Mottawea, W. Changes of Gut-Microbiota-Liver Axis in Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Biology 2021, 10, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10010055
AMA Style
El-Mowafy M, Elgaml A, El-Mesery M, Sultan S, Ahmed TAE, Gomaa AI, Aly M, Mottawea W. Changes of Gut-Microbiota-Liver Axis in Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Biology. 2021; 10(1):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10010055
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Mowafy, Mohammed, Abdelaziz Elgaml, Mohamed El-Mesery, Salma Sultan, Tamer A.E. Ahmed, Ahmed I. Gomaa, Mahmoud Aly, and Walid Mottawea. 2021. "Changes of Gut-Microbiota-Liver Axis in Hepatitis C Virus Infection" Biology 10, no. 1: 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10010055
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