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Article

Bio-Based Pigment Water-Based Inks for Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing

1
CITEVE—Technological Centre for the Textile and Clothing Industries of Portugal, Fernando Mesquita 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
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KYOCERA NIXKA Inkjet Systems S.A.S, 135 Rue du Dirigeable, 13400 Aubagne, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Colorants 2026, 5(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/colorants5020013
Submission received: 23 January 2026 / Revised: 11 March 2026 / Accepted: 27 March 2026 / Published: 13 April 2026

Abstract

The development of bio-based inks represents a promising strategy to reduce the environmental impact of digital printing technologies. This study investigates the formulation and performance of water-based inks incorporating two renewable pigments: a fermentation-derived indigo pigment and a plant-extracted yellow pigment. Special attention was given to dispersion optimization of the poorly water-soluble indigo pigment. Extended mechanical dispersion (115 h in a ball mill) proved critical to achieve colloidal stability, enabling the preparation of inks that met standard rheological and physicochemical criteria for inkjet printing with piezoelectric printheads. Both inks were applied on a variety of substrates, including cotton, polyester, leather, and kraft paper, pre-treated, in the case of the textiles, with either a cationic biopolymer or a synthetic polyurethane-based binder. Colorimetric evaluation confirmed effective deposition and uniformity, with the indigo ink producing deep blue hues and superior overall fastness than the yellow ink, particularly in washing and rubbing tests. The yellow pigment ink showed good stability but once applied to the fabric, the resulting print exhibited poor fastness, particularly against light exposure, indicating limited durability of the coloration on the textile. Shelf-life analysis of the indigo ink revealed a decline in viscosity and surface tension over time, though the colour and particle size remained stable, particularly under room temperature conditions. These findings confirm the potential of fermentation-derived indigo as a robust bio-based alternative to synthetic dyes and its superior performance in relation to other nature extracted pigments, which, although facilitating ink preparation due to their higher water solubility, result in lower-fastness prints.
Keywords: bio-based pigments; indigo; inkjet printing; piezoelectric printhead; digital printing inks; natural pigments bio-based pigments; indigo; inkjet printing; piezoelectric printhead; digital printing inks; natural pigments
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MDPI and ACS Style

Antunes, J.; Nolasco, A.; Marques, B.; Lopes, M.; Sarra-Bournet, P.; Silva, A.; Vilaça, H.; Silva, C.J. Bio-Based Pigment Water-Based Inks for Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing. Colorants 2026, 5, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/colorants5020013

AMA Style

Antunes J, Nolasco A, Marques B, Lopes M, Sarra-Bournet P, Silva A, Vilaça H, Silva CJ. Bio-Based Pigment Water-Based Inks for Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing. Colorants. 2026; 5(2):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/colorants5020013

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antunes, Jéssica, Agata Nolasco, Beatriz Marques, Marisa Lopes, Philippe Sarra-Bournet, Augusta Silva, Helena Vilaça, and Carla J. Silva. 2026. "Bio-Based Pigment Water-Based Inks for Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing" Colorants 5, no. 2: 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/colorants5020013

APA Style

Antunes, J., Nolasco, A., Marques, B., Lopes, M., Sarra-Bournet, P., Silva, A., Vilaça, H., & Silva, C. J. (2026). Bio-Based Pigment Water-Based Inks for Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing. Colorants, 5(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/colorants5020013

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