Figure 1.
Coating deposition scheme.
Figure 1.
Coating deposition scheme.
Figure 2.
Representative images of the coated fiber. Magnification of (a) 3000×, (b) 50,000×.
Figure 2.
Representative images of the coated fiber. Magnification of (a) 3000×, (b) 50,000×.
Figure 3.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed in the reaction medium with KNO3 salt concentration from 0 to 30 g/L: (a) 0 g/L, (b) 10 g/L, (c) 20 g/L, (d) 30 g/L.
Figure 3.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed in the reaction medium with KNO3 salt concentration from 0 to 30 g/L: (a) 0 g/L, (b) 10 g/L, (c) 20 g/L, (d) 30 g/L.
Figure 4.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the salt concentration (CKNO3) in the reaction medium.
Figure 4.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the salt concentration (CKNO3) in the reaction medium.
Figure 5.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed in the reaction medium with different pH values: (a) pH = 4.6, (b) pH = 2.2, (c) pH = 1.9, (d) pH = 1.4.
Figure 5.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed in the reaction medium with different pH values: (a) pH = 4.6, (b) pH = 2.2, (c) pH = 1.9, (d) pH = 1.4.
Figure 6.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the pH of the reaction medium.
Figure 6.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the pH of the reaction medium.
Figure 7.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed in the reaction media with different molar ratios of TEOS to H2O: (a) MR = 310, (b) MR = 103, (c) MR = 62, (d) MR = 51.
Figure 7.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed in the reaction media with different molar ratios of TEOS to H2O: (a) MR = 310, (b) MR = 103, (c) MR = 62, (d) MR = 51.
Figure 8.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the molar ratio H2O/TEOS (MR) in the reaction medium.
Figure 8.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the molar ratio H2O/TEOS (MR) in the reaction medium.
Figure 9.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed in the reaction media with different IPA concentrations: (a) 40%, (b) 50%, (c) 57%, (d) 78%.
Figure 9.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed in the reaction media with different IPA concentrations: (a) 40%, (b) 50%, (c) 57%, (d) 78%.
Figure 10.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and the average particle size (d) on the IPA amount in the reaction medium.
Figure 10.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and the average particle size (d) on the IPA amount in the reaction medium.
Figure 11.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed at current density from 0.8 to 5.3 mA/cm2: (a) 0.8 mA/cm2, (b) 1.7 mA/cm2, (c) 2.6 mA/cm2, (d) 3.5 mA/cm2.
Figure 11.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber formed at current density from 0.8 to 5.3 mA/cm2: (a) 0.8 mA/cm2, (b) 1.7 mA/cm2, (c) 2.6 mA/cm2, (d) 3.5 mA/cm2.
Figure 12.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the current density (j).
Figure 12.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the current density (j).
Figure 13.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber at different deposition times: (a) 0.01 min, (b) 0.06 min, (c) 0.1 min, (d) 0.5 min.
Figure 13.
Surface of the coated carbon fiber at different deposition times: (a) 0.01 min, (b) 0.06 min, (c) 0.1 min, (d) 0.5 min.
Figure 14.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the deposition time (τ). in case of decimal numbers.
Figure 14.
Dependence of the average coating thickness (D) and average particle size (d) on the deposition time (τ). in case of decimal numbers.
Figure 15.
Scheme of pH change in the near-cathode volume (CR) of the reaction medium (RM) using the example of one carbon fiber filament.
Figure 15.
Scheme of pH change in the near-cathode volume (CR) of the reaction medium (RM) using the example of one carbon fiber filament.
Figure 16.
Effect of pH on the relative gelation time in silica sol.
Figure 16.
Effect of pH on the relative gelation time in silica sol.
Table 1.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the salt effect.
Table 1.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the salt effect.
CIPA, Vol.% | MR | Csalt, g/L | pH | J, mA/cm2 | τ, Min |
---|
45 | 62 | 0–30 | 1.68 | 3.5 | 1 |
Table 2.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the pH effect.
Table 2.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the pH effect.
CIPA, Vol.% | MR | Csalt, g/L | pH | J, mA/cm2 | τ, Min |
---|
45 | 103 | 20 | 1.0–4.59 | 3.5 | 1 |
Table 3.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the MR effect.
Table 3.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the MR effect.
CIPA, Vol.% | MR | Csalt, g/L | pH | J, mA/cm2 | τ, Min |
---|
45 | 44–310 | 20 | 1.79 | 5.3 | 1 |
Table 4.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the IPA concentration effect.
Table 4.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the IPA concentration effect.
CIPA, Vol.% | MR | Csalt, g/L | pH | J, mA/cm2 | τ, Min |
---|
40–78 | 62 | 20 | 2.35 | 3.5 | 1 |
Table 5.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the current density effect.
Table 5.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the current density effect.
CIPA, Vol.% | MR | Csalt, g/L | pH | J, mA/cm2 | τ, Min |
---|
67 | 62 | 20 | 2.23 | 0.8–5.3 | 1 |
Table 6.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the deposition time effect.
Table 6.
The parameters of the reaction medium for determining the deposition time effect.
CIPA, Vol.% | MR | Csalt, g/L | pH | J, mA/cm2 | τ, Min |
---|
67 | 62 | 20 | 2.23 | 5.3 | 0.01–2 |