Bonding Wood Veneer with Biobased Poly(Lactic Acid) Thermoplastic Polyesters: Potential Applications for Consolidated Wood Veneer and Overlay Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Foil Preparation
2.3. Hot Pressing PLA Laminated Veneer Panels
2.4. Tensile Testing
2.5. Internal Bond Strength Testing
3. Results
3.1. Press Cycle Development
3.2. Wood-PLA Laminate Performance
3.3. Bondline Performance on Water Soaking
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pressing Temperature (°C) | Hot-Pressing Time (s) | Cooling Time (s) | PLA Foil Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
140 | 740 | 800 | 0.3 |
160 | 920 | 950 | 0.3, 0.5 |
180 | 725 | 1020 | 0.3, 0.5 |
Sample | Dry, Outer | Dry, Inner | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLA Grade | Pressing Temperature | Tensile Strength | Tensile Strength | - | ||
(°C) | (MPa) | (MPa) | - | |||
Average | Standard Deviation | Average | Standard Deviation | - | ||
Birch | ||||||
Amorphous | 140 | 8.7 | 0.3 | 6.5 | 1.3 | 0.04 * |
160 | 7.2 | 0.7 | 5.4 | 0.6 | 0.002 * | |
180 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 5.6 | 1.1 | 0.004 * | |
Semi-crystalline | 140 | 6.9 | 0.5 | 5.3 | 0.8 | 0.008 * |
160 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 5.9 | 1 | 0.61 | |
180 | 8 | 0.7 | 5.8 | 1.8 | 0.054 | |
Spruce | ||||||
Amorphous | 140 | 5.5 | 0.4 | 5.3 | 2.1 | 0.88 |
160 | 6.5 | 1.3 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 0.03 * | |
180 | 4.3 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 0.4 | 0.99 | |
Semi-crystalline | 140 | 5.6 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 0.03 * |
160 | 5.5 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 0.002 * | |
180 | 5 | 1.2 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 0.45 | |
Pinus Radiata | ||||||
Amorphous | 140 | - | - | 3.4 | 0.4 | - |
160 | - | - | 5.3 | 0.8 | - |
Species | Pressing Temperature (°C) | PLA Foil Thickness (mm) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples per Foil Thickness | All Samples | ||||||
Average | Standard Deviation | Average | Standard Deviation | ||||
Birch | 160 | 0.5 | 5.47 | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.6 | 0.91 |
0.3 | 5.38 | 0.93 | |||||
180 | 0.5 | 5.7 | 1.97 | 5.6 | 1.1 | 0.78 | |
0.3 | 5.19 | 1.04 | |||||
Spruce | 160 | 0.5 | 4.35 | 0.39 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
0.3 | 4.85 | 0.84 | |||||
180 | 0.5 | 4.08 | 0.14 | 4.3 | 0.4 | 0.29 | |
0.3 | 4.42 | 0.41 | |||||
Radiata pine | 160 | 0.5 | 5.21 | 0.83 | 5.3 | 0.8 | 0.80 |
0.3 | 5.45 | 1.06 |
Sample | Dry | Cold Water Soaking | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLA Grade | Pressing Temperature (°C) | Tensile Strength | Tensile Strength | - | ||
(MPa) | (MPa) | - | ||||
Average | Standard Deviation | Average | Standard Deviation | - | ||
Birch | ||||||
Amorphous | 140 | 6.5 | 1.3 | 6.3 | 0.6 | 0.02 * |
160 | 5.4 | 0.6 | 5.9 | 1.5 | 0.73 | |
180 | 5.6 | 1.1 | 3.9 | 0.7 | 0.005 * | |
Semi-Crystalline | 140 | 5.3 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 0.8 | <0.001 * |
160 | 5.9 | 1 | 5.4 | 0.4 | 0.06 | |
180 | 5.8 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 1.8 | 0.17 | |
Spruce | ||||||
Amorphous | 140 | 5.3 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 0.001 * |
160 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 0.006 * | |
180 | 4.3 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 0.5 | <0.001 * | |
Semi-Crystalline | 140 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.002 * |
160 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.001 * | |
180 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.6 | <0.001 * | |
Pinus Radiata | ||||||
Amorphous | 140 | 3.4 | 0.4 | - | - | - |
160 | 5.3 | 0.8 | - | - | - |
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Grigsby, W.J.; Puri, A.; Gaugler, M.; Lüedtke, J.; Krause, A. Bonding Wood Veneer with Biobased Poly(Lactic Acid) Thermoplastic Polyesters: Potential Applications for Consolidated Wood Veneer and Overlay Products. Fibers 2020, 8, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib8080050
Grigsby WJ, Puri A, Gaugler M, Lüedtke J, Krause A. Bonding Wood Veneer with Biobased Poly(Lactic Acid) Thermoplastic Polyesters: Potential Applications for Consolidated Wood Veneer and Overlay Products. Fibers. 2020; 8(8):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib8080050
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrigsby, Warren J., Arpit Puri, Marc Gaugler, Jan Lüedtke, and Andreas Krause. 2020. "Bonding Wood Veneer with Biobased Poly(Lactic Acid) Thermoplastic Polyesters: Potential Applications for Consolidated Wood Veneer and Overlay Products" Fibers 8, no. 8: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib8080050