Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on Self-Healing and Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity Recovery of Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials
Water-Reducing Admixture (WRA)
Air-Entraining Admixtures (AEA)
2.2. Mixture Proportioning
2.3. Specimen Preparation
2.4. Testing
2.4.1. Fresh Concrete Properties
2.4.2. Hardened Concrete Properties
Compressive Strength
Resonant Frequency Testing
2.4.3. Standard Crack Inducing Jig (SCIJ)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Standard PFRC Properties
3.2. Resonant Frequency and Dynamic Elastic Properties
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aggregate | Coarse | Fine |
---|---|---|
Maximum Size (mm) | 12.5 | 4.75 |
Specific Gravity | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Water Absorption (%) | 0.45 | 1.2 |
Fineness | - | 2.61 |
Mechanical Property | Unit | Type A Macro Polypropylene Fiber | Type B Micro Polypropylene Fiber |
---|---|---|---|
Fiber Length | mm | 50 | 12 |
Equivalent Diameter | mm | 0.5 | 0.018 |
Specific Gravity | - | 0.91 | 0.9 |
Aspect Ratio | % | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Elastic Modulus | GPa | 7.5 | 7 |
Tensile Strength | MPa | 550 | 300–450 |
Water Absorption | % | 0 | 0 |
Melting Point | °C | 164 | 162 |
Thermal Conductivity | W/mK | Low | N/A |
Density | kg/m3 | 910 | 900 |
Item | Water-Reducing-Admixture (WRA) | Air-Entraining-Admixtures (AEA) |
---|---|---|
Supplier | BASF Canada, Inc. | Grace Canada, Inc. |
Trade Name | POZZOLITH 210 | DAREX AEA ED |
Form | Liquid | Liquid, Oil-based |
Color | Dark brown | Light brown |
pH | 6–11 | 11 |
Density (kg/m3) | 1125–1155 | 1000 |
Solubility in water | Completely soluble | |
Solubility in other solvents |
Concrete Type | Type A | Type B |
---|---|---|
Fiber type | 0.6% | 0.3% |
Macro PP | Micro PP | |
Mixture ID | MAC_PFRC | MIC_PFRC |
w/c ratio | 0.43 | |
Materials (kg/m3) | ||
Cement | 345 | |
Sand | 815 | |
Aggregate | 1045 | |
Water | 145 | |
Fibers (% by volume) | 0.6 | 0.3 |
Fibers | 0.17 | 0.09 |
WRA | 1.225 | |
AEA | 0.123 |
Mode | Equation | Cylinder Dimensional Factor |
---|---|---|
Transverse | ||
Longitudinal |
Fresh Concrete Properties | Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete Type | Reference | |
A 0.6% Macro Fiber | B 0.3% Micro Fiber | ||
Slump (mm) | 120 | 110 | ASTM C143 |
Air Content (%) | 6.6 | 5.8 | ASTM C231 |
Density (kg/m3) | 2216 | 2267 | ASTM C138 |
Temperature (°C) | 9.2 | 9.8 | ASTM C1064 |
Hardened Concrete Properties | A 0.6% Macro Fiber | B 0.3% Micro Fiber | Reference |
Compressive strength * (MPa) | 31.55 | 34.91 | ASTM C39 |
PFRC Sample ID | Fiber Type | Curing Condition | Measured Cylinder Mass (kg) | Transverse Mode | Longitudinal Mode | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Original Frequency (Hz) | Cracked Frequency (Hz) | Self-Healing Frequency (Hz) | Original Frequency (Hz) | Cracked Frequency (Hz) | Self-Healing Frequency (Hz) | ||||
Mac-W1 | Macro 0.6% (A) | Wet | 3.58 | 5730 | 4150 | 4210 | 9360 | 9170 | 9370 |
Mac-W2 | 3.55 | 5810 | 4050 | 4250 | 9450 | 9440 | 9600 | ||
Mac-W3 | 3.55 | 5740 | 4480 | 4030 | 9410 | 9310 | 9420 | ||
Mac-D1 | Dry | 3.56 | 5580 | 4030 | - | 9190 | 9110 | - | |
Mac-D2 | 3.55 | 5500 | 4270 | - | 9050 | 8840 | - | ||
Mac-D3 | 3.51 | 5310 | 3470 | - | 8840 | 8720 | - | ||
Mic-W1 | Micro 0.3% (B) | Wet | 3.69 | 5950 | 4110 | 4130 | 9760 | 9500 | 2220 1 |
Mic-W2 | 3.69 | 5910 | 4070 | 4230 | 9740 | 9560 | 9830 | ||
Mic-W3 | 3.67 | 5970 | 3390 | 4190 | 9740 | 9400 | 6120 2 | ||
Mic-D1 | Dry | 3.58 | 5520 | 4500 | - | 9270 | 9060 | - | |
Mic-D2 | 3.55 | 5480 | 3820 | - | 9090 | 8880 | - | ||
Mic-D3 | 3.56 | 5550 | 4170 | - | 9170 | 9050 | - |
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (GPA) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mode | Transverse | Longitudinal | ||||
FIBER TYPE | Original | Cracked | Self-Healed | Original | Cracked | Self-Healed |
MACRO PP-W1 | 31.6 | 16.6 | 17.0 | 31.6 | 30.4 | 31.7 |
MACRO PP-W2 | 32.2 | 15.6 | 17.2 | 32.0 | 31.9 | 33.0 |
MACRO PP-W3 | 31.4 | 19.1 | 15.5 | 31.7 | 31.0 | 31.8 |
MICRO PP-W1 | 35.1 | 16.7 | 16.9 | 35.4 | 33.6 | 1.8 |
MICRO PP-W2 | 34.6 | 16.4 | 17.7 | 35.3 | 34.0 | 36.0 |
MICRO PP-W3 | 35.1 | 11.3 | 17.3 | 35.1 | 32.7 | 13.9 |
Fiber Type | Crack Width (mm) | Transverse Cracked (%) | Transverse Self-Healed (%) | Longitudinal Cracked (%) | Longitudinal Self-Healed (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Macro PP-W1 | 0.45 | 52.5 | 54.0 | 96.0 | 100.2 |
Macro PP-W2 | 0.25 | 48.6 | 53.5 | 99.8 | 103.2 |
Macro PP-W3 | 0.45 | 60.9 | 49.3 | 97.9 | 100.2 |
Micro PP-W1 | 0.4 | 47.7 | 48.2 | 94.7 | 5.2 |
Micro PP-W2 | 0.5 | 47.4 | 51.2 | 96.3 | 113.7 |
Micro PP-W3 | 0.4 | 32.2 | 49.3 | 93.1 | 39.5 |
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El-Newihy, A.; Azarsa, P.; Gupta, R.; Biparva, A. Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on Self-Healing and Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity Recovery of Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Fibers 2018, 6, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib6010009
El-Newihy A, Azarsa P, Gupta R, Biparva A. Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on Self-Healing and Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity Recovery of Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Fibers. 2018; 6(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib6010009
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Newihy, Adham, Pejman Azarsa, Rishi Gupta, and Alireza Biparva. 2018. "Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on Self-Healing and Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity Recovery of Fiber Reinforced Concrete" Fibers 6, no. 1: 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib6010009