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Volume 13
Issue 8
10.3390/fib13080107
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Article

Hybrid Laminates Reinforced with Natural and Synthetic Fibers: Experimental Characterization and Preliminary Finite Element Assessment for Prosthetic Applications

by
Angel D. Castro-Franco
1,
Miriam Siqueiros-Hernández
1,*,
Virginia García-Angel
1,
Ismael Mendoza-Muñoz
1,
Benjamín González-Vizcarra
2,
Hernán D. Magaña-Almaguer
3 and
Lidia E. Vargas-Osuna
1
1
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21280, Baja California, Mexico
2
Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología FCITEC, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana 21500, Baja California, Mexico
3
Tecnológico Nacional de México, IT de Mexicali, Mexicali 21376, Baja California, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fibers 2025, 13(8), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib13080107
Submission received: 21 May 2025 / Revised: 1 August 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 11 August 2025
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Abstract

Four configuration laminates made of flax, glass, and basalt were fabricated via vacuum-assisted hand lay-up with added weight and tested under ASTM D3039 and D790. The flax–glass–flax lay-up exhibited the highest tensile strength and flexural strength. Orthotropic elastic properties were determined from remanufactured 90°-rotated specimens. A hexahedral-meshed finite element model using these inputs under a 5256 N load predicted the stress and strain within 1% and 5% of the experimental values. These findings demonstrate that flax–glass hybrids offer mechanical reliability, sustainability, and affordability for next-generation prosthetic applications.
Keywords: hybrid laminates; natural fiber composites; orthotropic properties; finite element analysis; prosthetic applications; sustainability hybrid laminates; natural fiber composites; orthotropic properties; finite element analysis; prosthetic applications; sustainability

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MDPI and ACS Style

Castro-Franco, A.D.; Siqueiros-Hernández, M.; García-Angel, V.; Mendoza-Muñoz, I.; González-Vizcarra, B.; Magaña-Almaguer, H.D.; Vargas-Osuna, L.E. Hybrid Laminates Reinforced with Natural and Synthetic Fibers: Experimental Characterization and Preliminary Finite Element Assessment for Prosthetic Applications. Fibers 2025, 13, 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib13080107

AMA Style

Castro-Franco AD, Siqueiros-Hernández M, García-Angel V, Mendoza-Muñoz I, González-Vizcarra B, Magaña-Almaguer HD, Vargas-Osuna LE. Hybrid Laminates Reinforced with Natural and Synthetic Fibers: Experimental Characterization and Preliminary Finite Element Assessment for Prosthetic Applications. Fibers. 2025; 13(8):107. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib13080107

Chicago/Turabian Style

Castro-Franco, Angel D., Miriam Siqueiros-Hernández, Virginia García-Angel, Ismael Mendoza-Muñoz, Benjamín González-Vizcarra, Hernán D. Magaña-Almaguer, and Lidia E. Vargas-Osuna. 2025. "Hybrid Laminates Reinforced with Natural and Synthetic Fibers: Experimental Characterization and Preliminary Finite Element Assessment for Prosthetic Applications" Fibers 13, no. 8: 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib13080107

APA Style

Castro-Franco, A. D., Siqueiros-Hernández, M., García-Angel, V., Mendoza-Muñoz, I., González-Vizcarra, B., Magaña-Almaguer, H. D., & Vargas-Osuna, L. E. (2025). Hybrid Laminates Reinforced with Natural and Synthetic Fibers: Experimental Characterization and Preliminary Finite Element Assessment for Prosthetic Applications. Fibers, 13(8), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib13080107

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