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Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/coatings15080909
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Durability Analysis of Brick-Faced Clay-Core Walls in Traditional Residential Architecture in Quanzhou, China

by
Yuhong Ding
1,2,
Ruiming Guan
3,4,*,
Li Chen
3,4,
Jinxuan Wang
2,
Yangming Zhang
5,
Yili Fu
6 and
Canjin Zhang
7
1
Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
2
College of Civil Engineering, Liming Vocational University, No. 298 Tonggang West Street, Quanzhou 362000, China
3
School of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Minhou University City New District, Fuzhou 350108, China
4
College of Human Settlements and Environment, Quanzhou Vocational and Technical University, Daxue Road, Neikeng Town, Jinjiang 362268, China
5
Institute for Research on Portuguese-Speaking Countries, City University of Macau, Xu Risheng Yin Gong Road, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
6
Quanzhou Artisan Architectural Design Co., Ltd., No. 16, Fuchuo Lane, Licheng District, Quanzhou 362000, China
7
School of Management, Xiamen University, No. 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2025, 15(8), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080909 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 29 June 2025 / Revised: 22 July 2025 / Accepted: 1 August 2025 / Published: 3 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Earthen Site Conservation: Methods, Techniques, Management, and Key Case Studies)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study analyzes the durability of brick-faced clay-core walls (BCWs) in the traditional residential architecture of Quanzhou—a UNESCO World Heritage City. Taking the northern gable of Ding Gongchen’s former residence as an example, the mechanical properties, microscopic structure, and changes in chemical symbol, oxides and minerals of the red bricks and clay-cores were analyzed using finite element mechanics analysis (FEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate a triple mechanism: (1) The collaborative protection and reinforcement mechanism of “brick-wrapped-clay”. (2) The infiltration and destruction mechanism of external pollutants. (3) The material stability mechanism of silicate minerals. Therefore, the key to maintaining the durability of BCWs lies in the synergistic effect of brick and clay materials and the stability of silicate mineral materials, providing theoretical and methodological support for sustainable research into brick and clay constructions.
Keywords: brick-faced clay-core wall; brick–clay construction; durability; mortise and tenon; FEM analysis; weathering mechanism; world heritage site; traditional residential architecture of Quanzhou brick-faced clay-core wall; brick–clay construction; durability; mortise and tenon; FEM analysis; weathering mechanism; world heritage site; traditional residential architecture of Quanzhou

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ding, Y.; Guan, R.; Chen, L.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Fu, Y.; Zhang, C. Durability Analysis of Brick-Faced Clay-Core Walls in Traditional Residential Architecture in Quanzhou, China. Coatings 2025, 15, 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080909

AMA Style

Ding Y, Guan R, Chen L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Zhang C. Durability Analysis of Brick-Faced Clay-Core Walls in Traditional Residential Architecture in Quanzhou, China. Coatings. 2025; 15(8):909. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080909

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ding, Yuhong, Ruiming Guan, Li Chen, Jinxuan Wang, Yangming Zhang, Yili Fu, and Canjin Zhang. 2025. "Durability Analysis of Brick-Faced Clay-Core Walls in Traditional Residential Architecture in Quanzhou, China" Coatings 15, no. 8: 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080909

APA Style

Ding, Y., Guan, R., Chen, L., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Fu, Y., & Zhang, C. (2025). Durability Analysis of Brick-Faced Clay-Core Walls in Traditional Residential Architecture in Quanzhou, China. Coatings, 15(8), 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080909

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