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Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/coatings15060663
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Development of Iron-Modified Cotton Material: Surface Characterization, Biochemical Activity, and Cytotoxicity Assessment

by
Marcin H. Kudzin
1,2,*,
Zdzisława Mrozińska
1,2,
Anna Kaczmarek
1,2,
Jerzy J. Chruściel
1,2,
Anna Pinar
1,2,
Edyta Sulak
1,2,
Syed Ali Raza Shah
3,
Michał Juszczak
4,
Katarzyna Woźniak
4 and
Michał B. Ponczek
5
1
Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 19/27, 90-570 Łódź, Poland
2
Circular Economy Center, Environmental Protection Engineering Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland
3
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, 96RR+39P UOL, Defence Rd, Lahore 54600, Punjab, Pakistan
4
Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
5
Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2025, 15(6), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060663
Submission received: 28 April 2025 / Revised: 26 May 2025 / Accepted: 28 May 2025 / Published: 30 May 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Cotton, commonly used in wound care, has limitations such as quick saturation and wound adhesion, prompting surface modifications. In our studies, iron, which promotes platelet aggregation and coagulation, was deposited onto cotton via direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. Thus, the biochemical properties of cotton fabrics were enhanced. Microscopic analyses revealed uniform iron coating on the fibers, and biochemical tests, such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), showed that the modification did not affect the material’s coagulation activity. Measurements with the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method (TBARS) showed that iron-modified cotton had antioxidant activity by lowering lipid peroxidation, which can be beneficial for better wound healing and lower infection risk. Moreover, our analysis showed the absence of cyto- and genotoxic properties against normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM cells). It was found that tested fabrics did not directly interact with DNA.
Keywords: cellulose fibers; cotton; iron; blood coagulation; magnetron sputtering; DNA damage; cell viability cellulose fibers; cotton; iron; blood coagulation; magnetron sputtering; DNA damage; cell viability

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kudzin, M.H.; Mrozińska, Z.; Kaczmarek, A.; Chruściel, J.J.; Pinar, A.; Sulak, E.; Shah, S.A.R.; Juszczak, M.; Woźniak, K.; Ponczek, M.B. Development of Iron-Modified Cotton Material: Surface Characterization, Biochemical Activity, and Cytotoxicity Assessment. Coatings 2025, 15, 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060663

AMA Style

Kudzin MH, Mrozińska Z, Kaczmarek A, Chruściel JJ, Pinar A, Sulak E, Shah SAR, Juszczak M, Woźniak K, Ponczek MB. Development of Iron-Modified Cotton Material: Surface Characterization, Biochemical Activity, and Cytotoxicity Assessment. Coatings. 2025; 15(6):663. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060663

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kudzin, Marcin H., Zdzisława Mrozińska, Anna Kaczmarek, Jerzy J. Chruściel, Anna Pinar, Edyta Sulak, Syed Ali Raza Shah, Michał Juszczak, Katarzyna Woźniak, and Michał B. Ponczek. 2025. "Development of Iron-Modified Cotton Material: Surface Characterization, Biochemical Activity, and Cytotoxicity Assessment" Coatings 15, no. 6: 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060663

APA Style

Kudzin, M. H., Mrozińska, Z., Kaczmarek, A., Chruściel, J. J., Pinar, A., Sulak, E., Shah, S. A. R., Juszczak, M., Woźniak, K., & Ponczek, M. B. (2025). Development of Iron-Modified Cotton Material: Surface Characterization, Biochemical Activity, and Cytotoxicity Assessment. Coatings, 15(6), 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060663

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